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# COP31 Türkiye Brief

An open look at COP31, through Türkiye’s lens, with voices from across the field.

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## Posts

- [Nadia Dahmani](https://cop31tr.com/nadia-dahmani/) - Dr. Nadia Dahmani is an Assistant Professor at the College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE, whose research applies artificial intelligence and optimization methods to advance climate action and decarbonization. She holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science Applied to Business from a joint program between ISG Business School (University of Tunis, Tunisia) and
- [CDR Brief Issue 12: Türkiye Is About to Be Charged for Its Carbon; It Should Get Paid to Remove It](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-12-turkiye-is-about-to-be-charged-for-its-carbon-it-should-get-paid-to-remove-it/) - Carbon prices are arriving. Handled well, they could seed an industry, not just a bill. Carbon emissions are about to stop being free for Türkiye's economy. Two prices are arriving at once. At home, the new Turkish Emissions Trading System is starting to put a price on emissions from the country’s largest industrial plants: power
- [The Carbon Clause: How Climate Regulation Is Rewriting Contracts and Redistributing Value](https://cop31tr.com/the-carbon-clause-how-climate-regulation-is-rewriting-contracts-and-redistributing-value/) - The next climate obligation may not arrive as a regulation. It may arrive as a clause in a customer contract. For years, companies have largely approached carbon regulation as a compliance question. Which emissions must be measured? What must be reported? Which facilities fall within scope? How will carbon prices be calculated? These questions remain
- [Why how we represent solar in energy-system models may matter for who benefits from the transition](https://cop31tr.com/why-how-we-represent-solar-in-energy-system-models-may-matter-for-who-benefits-from-the-transition/) - We often talk about climate inequality as a question of finance: who receives climate finance, who can afford clean technologies, and who is protected from the impacts of a changing climate. But there is another, less visible question that comes earlier: how do we decide what the future energy system should look like? Governments increasingly
- [Technology Increases Solar Panel Energy Efficiency by 20%](https://cop31tr.com/technology-increases-solar-panel-energy-efficiency-by-20/) - Canadian startup Reflect10 has developed an innovative module architecture capable of increasing the daily energy production of solar panels by 20%. At a time when conventional solar cell technologies are approaching their efficiency limits, the new design uses integrated light-reflecting geometry within the panel to increase the amount of sunlight reaching the cells. The technology
- [CDR Brief Issue 11: Durable CDR - Why Durability Matters](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-11-durable-cdr-why-durability-matters/) - Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is only the first half of carbon removal. The second half is storage. A tonne of CO₂ can be removed today and stored in a forest, soil, biochar, geological formation, mineral, product, or ocean reservoir. Each can create climate value, yet the length of time that carbon remains outside
- [Who Pays for Flexibility? The Business Model Behind 35 by 2035](https://cop31tr.com/who-pays-for-flexibility-the-business-model-behind-35-by-2035/) - Why electrification cannot scale through generation alone... The incoming COP31 Presidency has placed a clear number at the centre of the global electrification debate: increasing electricity’s share of final energy demand from just over 20 per cent today to 35 per cent by 2035. The target is ambitious, memorable and strategically important. It connects climate
- [Viktoriia Betina](https://cop31tr.com/viktoriia-betina/) - Dr. Viktoriia Betina is a senior advisor in energy transition, decarbonization and sustainable transport infrastructure, with 13+ years of international experience across Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Americas. Most recently Senior Manager at EY-Parthenon (Berlin), she leads strategy, market-entry and investment work in sustainable fuels (SAF, hydrogen and derivatives, biofuels and e-fuels)
- [Assessment of the Objectives and Targets in the National Green Finance Action Plan of Türkiye (Part 2)](https://cop31tr.com/assessment-of-the-objectives-and-targets-in-the-national-green-finance-action-plan-of-turkiye-part-2/) - Objective 1: Establishing the Necessary Infrastructure for a Transparent and Measurable Green Finance Ecosystem The first objective of the Action Plan is to establish a reliable, transparent and measurable green-finance system in Türkiye. It envisages common rules for green-finance practices, a stronger data infrastructure, reporting standards and measures to prevent the misuse of green-finance practices.
- [Residential Batteries Are Revolutionizing the Energy Market](https://cop31tr.com/residential-batteries-are-revolutionizing-the-energy-market/) - Residential battery systems are evolving from simple energy storage devices into active components of the electricity grid. In the past, homeowners with solar panels could reduce their electricity costs by selling excess power back to the grid. However, resistance from grid operators to this one-way flow and changing market conditions have increased interest in residential
- [Europe Launches Initiative to Reduce Dependence on Imported Solar Technology](https://cop31tr.com/europe-launches-initiative-to-reduce-dependence-on-imported-solar-technology/) - The EuroCZFactory project has officially been launched with the aim of addressing a critical gap in Europe’s solar energy manufacturing value chain. Supported by the European Union, the initiative seeks to reduce the continent’s dependence on imports by expanding silicon ingot and solar cell production capacity. The project aims to establish at least three new
- [UK Deploys Heat Battery to Help End Fossil Fuel Use in Industry](https://cop31tr.com/uk-deploys-heat-battery-to-help-end-fossil-fuel-use-in-industry/) - A groundbreaking heat battery has been deployed in the United Kingdom with the aim of reducing the industrial sector’s dependence on fossil fuels. Developed by Caldera, the innovative system can store up to 5 MWh of thermal energy and provide steam at temperatures above 200°C. Designed particularly for heat-intensive industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and
- [Moment Energy Opens Major Facility Using Electric Vehicle Batteries](https://cop31tr.com/moment-energy-opens-major-facility-using-electric-vehicle-batteries/) - Vancouver-based Moment Energy has opened the world’s largest facility dedicated to repurposing retired electric vehicle batteries into reliable energy storage systems. Megafactory 1, which began operations on June 23, 2026, was completed just six weeks after being announced, allowing production to begin at remarkable speed. The facility aims to meet the growing energy demands of
- [China Launches a New Era of Large-Scale Solar Energy Storage in the Gobi Desert](https://cop31tr.com/china-launches-a-new-era-of-large-scale-solar-energy-storage-in-the-gobi-desert/) - China has ushered in a new era of solar energy storage with the 1 GW Hami project in the Gobi Desert. Instead of lithium batteries, the facility uses molten salt technology, allowing it to generate electricity continuously for eight hours after sunset. The hybrid system combines 900 MW of conventional photovoltaic panels with a 100
- [Rising Fuel Prices Accelerate the Shift to Electric Trucks in Logistics](https://cop31tr.com/rising-fuel-prices-accelerate-the-shift-to-electric-trucks-in-logistics/) - The sharp rise in global fuel prices following the Iran war has significantly increased interest in electric trucks across the logistics sector. In particular, the high cost of gasoline and diesel has made the operational savings potential of electric vehicles more apparent. Data shared by electric vehicle manufacturer Workhorse shows that electric models can deliver
- [Gotion to Make €950 Million Battery Investment in Spain](https://cop31tr.com/gotion-to-make-e950-million-battery-investment-in-spain/) - Chinese battery manufacturer Gotion is preparing to build a major industrial facility worth €950 million in Valladolid, Spain. Focusing on the production and recycling of battery materials, the strategic investment will receive €138 million in public funding from the Spanish government. Financed under the PERTE VEC program, the project aims to strengthen Spain’s electric vehicle
- [Tandem Solar Cells Set a New World Record in Solar Energy Technology](https://cop31tr.com/tandem-solar-cells-set-a-new-world-record-in-solar-energy-technology/) - Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in Germany have achieved a major milestone in solar energy technology, setting a new world record for tandem solar cell efficiency at 25.5%. While previously high efficiency rates had been achieved in microscopic cells with areas smaller than 1 cm², this study successfully demonstrated the record over
- [Italy Introduces the World’s First Narrow-Gauge Hydrogen Train](https://cop31tr.com/italy-introduces-the-worlds-first-narrow-gauge-hydrogen-train/) - Swiss locomotive manufacturer Stadler and Sardinia-based operator ARST have unveiled the world’s first hydrogen-powered narrow-gauge train. Because the 950 mm narrow-gauge railway network imposes strict axle load limitations, existing hydrogen train models could not be used for the project. To overcome this challenge, engineers developed an entirely new lightweight aluminum body. The train operates by
- [3D-Printed Batteries That Can Take Almost Any Shape](https://cop31tr.com/3d-printed-batteries-that-can-take-almost-any-shape/) - Researchers at the University of Texas at El Paso have developed an innovative battery component that can be manufactured in almost any shape using 3D printing technology. By eliminating the need for conventional batteries to maintain a rigid and fixed form to prevent leakage, the approach could enable energy storage units to be directly integrated
- [Wave-Resistant Floating Solar Panel Technology Developed](https://cop31tr.com/wave-resistant-floating-solar-panel-technology-developed/) - Floating solar technologies are moving beyond traditional calm-water applications and adapting to increasingly challenging environmental conditions. Developed by Norwegian company Fred. Olsen 1848, the “Brizo” floating solar system is designed to withstand waves up to 3.5 meters high. Following the completion of technical verification by DNV, the innovative system is considered an important milestone for
- [CATL Introduces Battery Technology That Charges in Nine Minutes](https://cop31tr.com/catl-introduces-battery-technology-that-charges-in-nine-minutes/) - Battery technology giant CATL is driving a major transformation in the logistics sector with its new Tectrans II battery system, developed for commercial vehicles. Capable of reaching a full charge in less than nine minutes, the technology aims to eliminate long waiting times, particularly in urban delivery and transportation operations. In addition to its high
- [Battery-Powered Smart Stoves Are Bringing an Energy Revolution to Homes](https://cop31tr.com/battery-powered-smart-stoves-are-bringing-an-energy-revolution-to-homes/) - Brooklyn-based startup Electra Research is developing battery-powered induction stoves to help balance electricity grid loads and improve household energy efficiency. Due to the lengthy process of connecting directly to the grid, the company is focusing on behind-the-meter energy storage solutions. By integrating high-energy-consuming kitchen appliances with batteries, Electra aims to help households transition to clean
- [Australia’s Free Electricity Program Gives Households Three Free Hours a Day](https://cop31tr.com/australias-free-electricity-program-gives-households-three-free-hours-a-day/) - Australia has officially launched the “Solar Sharer Offer,” a program providing households with three hours of free electricity each day during peak solar generation periods. Introduced on July 1, 2026, across New South Wales, South Australia, and Southeast Queensland, the initiative covers both homeowners and renters. Households are not required to have rooftop solar panels,
- [Assessment of the National Green Finance Strategy and Action Plan of Türkiye (Part 1)](https://cop31tr.com/assessment-of-the-national-green-finance-strategy-and-action-plan-of-turkiye-part-1/) - Climate change is no longer solely an environmental issue. It has become a global challenge that directly affects economic growth, financial stability, production processes and investment decisions. Rising temperatures, drought, extreme weather events and the mounting pressure on natural resources have led countries to develop climate policies, while bringing the financing dimension of those policies
- [A City Built Twice: Walking Sunway’s Journey From Tin Mine to Sustainable City](https://cop31tr.com/a-city-built-twice-walking-sunways-journey-from-tin-mine-to-sustainable-city/) - During a visit to Kuala Lumpur, I encountered an urban-regeneration story that began not with a blank site, but with land damaged by decades of extraction. I did not travel to Kuala Lumpur specifically to study a sustainable city. I went to attend the GBA–ASEAN Conference on Energy Transition and Integration, held at the Sunway
- [Two Presidencies, One Test: Why COP31's Shared Structure Is the Real Innovation](https://cop31tr.com/two-presidencies-one-test-why-cop31s-shared-structure-is-the-real-innovation/) - Let us make no mistake: the most consequential choice about COP31 has already been made, and it was not made in a plenary hall. It is built into the presidency itself. When Türkiye and Australia agreed to share responsibility for COP31, most coverage treated the arrangement as a diplomatic compromise, the tie-breaker at the end
- [Swiss Startup Brings Solar Energy to Railway Tracks](https://cop31tr.com/swiss-startup-brings-solar-energy-to-railway-tracks/) - Swiss startup Sun-Ways has successfully launched an innovative pilot project that transforms unused railway track space into a clean energy source. By installing removable solar panels between railway tracks without disrupting train operations or damaging existing infrastructure, the company has demonstrated that rail corridors can serve a dual purpose. This approach eliminates the need for
- [Biochar Potential in Türkiye and the Wider Region: Untapped Opportunities and Markets](https://cop31tr.com/biochar-potential-in-turkiye-and-the-wider-region-untapped-opportunities-and-markets/) - Meeting Türkiye’s 2053 net-zero emissions target requires deploying durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) pathways alongside deep decarbonization measures. As national Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) expand globally, Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) are emerging as trade measures to address carbon leakage, with the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) acting as the first operational implementation. Biochar offers
- [Beyond the Panels: What COP31 Means for Investors](https://cop31tr.com/beyond-the-panels-what-cop31-means-for-investors/) - Reading policy, capital and market signals from Antalya As COP31 approaches, much of the conversation is understandably focused on how to participate: which zone to enter, which events to attend, where to speak and how to secure visibility. Yet the more important questions may come before these logistical decisions. Why are we attending in the
- [NASA Awards Breakthrough Battery Safety Technology as 2025 Invention of the Year](https://cop31tr.com/nasa-awards-breakthrough-battery-safety-technology-as-2025-invention-of-the-year/) - NASA has named a groundbreaking battery safety innovation developed by the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR) and KULR Technology Group as its 2025 Invention of the Year. The award-winning Internal Short Circuit Device (ISC-D) enables engineers to simulate manufacturing defects by creating controlled internal short circuits within lithium-ion battery cells. This allows researchers to
- [Asia’s Next Energy System Will Be Built Across Borders](https://cop31tr.com/asias-next-energy-system-will-be-built-across-borders/) - At the 2026 GBA–ASEAN Conference in Kuala Lumpur, the conversation moved beyond renewable energy targets to a more difficult question: how can finance, technology and regional cooperation be converted into infrastructure that improves people’s lives? The energy transition is often presented as a race: more solar panels, larger wind farms, cheaper batteries and faster electrification.
- [Deye Introduces Solar Hybrid Air Conditioners for Greater Energy Savings](https://cop31tr.com/deye-introduces-solar-hybrid-air-conditioners-for-greater-energy-savings/) - Deye showcased its next-generation solar-powered hybrid air conditioners at SNEC 2026, offering improved energy efficiency in both grid-connected and off-grid operating modes. Available in 1-ton, 1.5-ton, and 2-ton cooling capacities, the hybrid systems operate directly from solar panels during daylight hours and automatically switch to grid electricity at night or when solar generation is insufficient.
- [World’s First Fully Electric Hydrofoil Pilot Boat EF-12 Unveiled](https://cop31tr.com/worlds-first-fully-electric-hydrofoil-pilot-boat-ef-12-unveiled/) - Artemis Technologies has unveiled the EF-12, the world’s first fully electric, zero-emission hydrofoil pilot boat. Designed to support one of the most demanding operations in the maritime industry—the transfer of marine pilots to and from large vessels—the EF-12 aims to significantly improve both safety and sustainability. Powered by the company’s Artemis eFoiler electric propulsion system,
- [Chicago: Architecture, Community and the Courage to Imagine a Better Future](https://cop31tr.com/chicago-architecture-community-and-the-courage-to-imagine-a-better-future/) - After an intensive week in New York for the United Nations High-level Political Forum, I travelled to Chicago for the first time. I expected to discover a city famous for its skyline, architectural heritage and deep-dish pizza. What I found was something more meaningful: a city whose identity has been shaped by the courage to
- [Slovenia Officially Launches Nationwide Solar Energy Sharing System](https://cop31tr.com/slovenia-officially-launches-nationwide-solar-energy-sharing-system/) - As of July 1, Slovenia has officially introduced a nationwide energy sharing system for households and businesses. Enabled through the transposition of European Union directives into national legislation, the new framework allows solar panel owners to transfer their surplus electricity in real time to any electricity meter across the country. Operating in 15-minute intervals, the
- [The Machine-Readable NDC: When Climate Commitments Become Executable](https://cop31tr.com/the-machine-readable-ndc-when-climate-commitments-become-executable/) - Nationally Determined Contributions are among the most important instruments of the Paris Agreement. They communicate how countries intend to reduce emissions, strengthen resilience and contribute to global climate objectives. They can shape regulation, public investment, international finance and national transition priorities. Yet most NDCs still operate primarily as documents. They contain targets, sectoral measures, timelines,
- [Latin America Accelerates the Transition to Electric Buses in Public Transportation](https://cop31tr.com/latin-america-accelerates-the-transition-to-electric-buses-in-public-transportation/) - Latin America and the Caribbean have reached a major milestone in sustainable transportation, with more than 9,900 electric buses now operating across the region. While much of the global focus has been on passenger electric vehicles, the electrification of public transit fleets is playing a crucial role in reducing air pollution and carbon emissions generated
- [The Future of Climate Governance in a Multipolar World](https://cop31tr.com/the-future-of-climate-governance-in-a-multipolar-world/) - COP31 and New Alliances in an Age of Geopolitical Fragmentation This is the sixth piece in a series on the political economy of climate finance. Previous pieces examined the geopolitical origins of the finance gap, why blended finance fails to deliver, the plumbing problems ahead of COP31, the philosophical anatomy of systemic failure, and the
- [Ethiopia Completely Bans the Import of Fossil Fuel Vehicles](https://cop31tr.com/ethiopia-completely-bans-the-import-of-fossil-fuel-vehicles/) - Ethiopia has taken a leading role in Africa’s transition to electric mobility by banning the import of fossil fuel-powered vehicles. The government introduced this strategic policy to reduce the heavy economic burden of fuel subsidies and strengthen the country’s independence from fluctuations in global oil markets. More than 115,000 electric vehicles are already on the
- [Germany's Energy Capacity Law Faces Backlash for Excluding Energy Storage Technologies](https://cop31tr.com/germanys-energy-capacity-law-faces-backlash-for-excluding-energy-storage-technologies/) - The German Energy Storage Association (BVES) is preparing to file a complaint with the European Commission, arguing that Germany's proposed Electricity Supply Security and Capacity Act (StromVKG) unfairly excludes energy storage technologies. Designed to ensure electricity security following the country's coal phase-out, the proposed 9 GW capacity auction includes technical requirements that, in practice, can
- [Former Coal Mine Transformed into a Large-Scale Solar Energy Facility](https://cop31tr.com/former-coal-mine-transformed-into-a-large-scale-solar-energy-facility/) - A former coal mine in Minonk, Illinois, has been transformed into a clean energy hub through the redevelopment of a 40-acre brownfield site. Developed by TurningPoint Energy and operated by Nexamp, two new solar power facilities with a combined capacity of 9.8 MW are now supplying renewable electricity to the local grid. Equipped with 16,950
- [Nissan, Oxford, and Gelion Partner to Develop Next-Generation Solid-State EV Batteries](https://cop31tr.com/nissan-oxford-and-gelion-partner-to-develop-next-generation-solid-state-ev-batteries/) - Nissan, the University of Oxford, and Gelion have launched a three-year strategic collaboration to accelerate the development of solid-state battery technologies for electric vehicles. The project, named CoRe-SoLiS, will begin in June 2026 with a total budget of £3.4 million, including £2.4 million in funding from Innovate UK. Its primary objective is to replace the
- [Residential Energy Storage Systems Are Rapidly Expanding in Spain](https://cop31tr.com/residential-energy-storage-systems-are-rapidly-expanding-in-spain/) - Residential energy storage systems for self-generated electricity are experiencing rapid growth in Spain, driven by declining battery costs and increasing consumer demand. Over the past year, the country's distributed energy storage market expanded by 65%, while battery adoption in residential installations nearly doubled. Newly installed storage capacity reached 540 MWh, a milestone that the Spanish
- [TOYO Announces $357 Million Solar Cell Manufacturing Investment in Texas](https://cop31tr.com/toyo-announces-357-million-solar-cell-manufacturing-investment-in-texas/) - TOYO has announced plans to build a 1.5 GW heterojunction (HJT) solar cell manufacturing facility in the Houston, Texas area. Backed by a $357 million investment, the project is expected to be completed within 20 months and create approximately 400 direct jobs. The new facility will operate alongside the company's existing solar panel manufacturing plant,
- [CATL Eyes Lithium-Air Batteries as the Next EV Breakthrough](https://cop31tr.com/catl-eyes-lithium-air-batteries-as-the-next-ev-breakthrough/) - Global battery leader CATL is accelerating its research into lithium-air battery technology as a potential game changer for future energy storage solutions. Speaking at the 2026 Powering The Nation forum, Chief Scientist Wu Kai highlighted the technology's remarkable theoretical energy density of 12,000 Wh/kg, approaching the energy content of gasoline. By using lithium metal as
- [Hyundai Invests €55 Million in Battery Production at Its İzmit Plant](https://cop31tr.com/hyundai-invests-e55-million-in-battery-production-at-its-izmit-plant/) - Hyundai is strengthening its manufacturing operations in Türkiye by establishing a €55 million battery production facility at its İzmit plant. As part of a broader €715 million investment program, the highly automated facility will initially create more than 300 jobs. The plant will produce battery packs for the new IONIQ 3, whose mass production is
- [Advanced Solid-State Batteries Hit the Road](https://cop31tr.com/advanced-solid-state-batteries-hit-the-road/) - Road tests conducted in North America using a Dodge Charger have marked a major milestone in bringing solid-state battery technology from the laboratory to real-world driving conditions. The project, developed through a collaboration between Stellantis and battery technology company Factorial Energy, represents a significant step toward integrating next-generation battery cells into mass-production electric vehicles. Offering
- [General Motors Partners to Advance Sodium-Ion Battery Technology](https://cop31tr.com/general-motors-partners-to-advance-sodium-ion-battery-technology/) - General Motors has announced a strategic partnership with U.S.-based startup Peak Energy to develop grid-scale energy storage solutions. As the rapid growth of artificial intelligence data centers drives unprecedented electricity demand, GM is looking beyond conventional lithium-ion technology by focusing on the cost advantages and durability of sodium-ion batteries. With abundant raw materials and a
- [From HLPF to COP31: The Energy Transition Must Count the People It Is Meant to Serve](https://cop31tr.com/from-hlpf-to-cop31-the-energy-transition-must-count-the-people-it-is-meant-to-serve/) - A first-week dispatch from the 2026 UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development New York in July is full of contrasts. Inside the United Nations, the language is global: transformation, coordination, innovation and equity. Outside, the city moves at its own relentless pace. Between the two, one question stayed with me throughout my first week
- [The Transition PMO: A Missing Function in Climate Execution](https://cop31tr.com/the-transition-pmo-a-missing-function-in-climate-execution/) - Why climate strategies need orchestration, not just ambition Many companies now have climate commitments, ESG roadmaps and regulatory workstreams. Fewer have the execution architecture to deliver them. Targets may have been approved. Emissions may be measured. Sustainability reports may be published. Regulatory developments may be monitored by legal, compliance or ESG teams. Individual decarbonisation, energy
- [The Velocity Bottleneck](https://cop31tr.com/article-6-the-velocity-bottleneck/) - Climate finance discussions are often dominated by volume. More commitments. Larger funds. Bigger announcements. Yet a critical contradiction remains largely unaddressed: what if the primary bottleneck is no longer how much capital exists, but how slowly institutions move it? Over the past decade, climate finance commitments have scaled significantly, moving on paper from billions to
- [The Repeatability Gap: Why Does Every Transition Investment Have to Start Again?](https://cop31tr.com/the-repeatability-gap-why-does-every-transition-investment-have-to-start-again/) - The Core Friction Transition finance has produced no shortage of innovative transactions. New facilities are launched. New risk-sharing structures are tested. New combinations of public and private capital are assembled. Yet each transaction still seems to require a new design. The project changes, the advisers change, the contracts change, the evidence requirements change, and the
- [Australia Commissions Its First Eight-Hour Battery Energy Storage System](https://cop31tr.com/australia-commissions-its-first-eight-hour-battery-energy-storage-system/) - Australia has reached a major milestone in energy storage by commissioning the country's first eight-hour Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in New South Wales. Developed by RWE, the 50 MW/400 MWh facility utilizes 144 Tesla Megapack units to enhance grid stability and energy security. Located within the South-West Renewable Energy Zone, the project is integrated
- [Büşra Yılmaz-Depondt ](https://cop31tr.com/busra-yilmaz-depondt/) - Büşra Yılmaz-Depondt is a Senior Expert at Becquerel Institute, a Brussels-based consultancy specializing in solar photovoltaics, where she works on building-integrated PV (BIPV), agrivoltaics, and market intelligence across Europe and Türkiye. Her professional profile combines a chemical engineering background with a decade of hands-on experience in solar technology, industrial strategy, and public communication, bringing a
- [Chinese Automakers Target 2027 for Solid-State Battery Rollout](https://cop31tr.com/chinese-automakers-target-2027-for-solid-state-battery-rollout/) - The automotive industry is approaching a major milestone in the commercialization of solid-state batteries, a technology expected to deliver higher energy density, faster charging, and improved safety compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. Leading Chinese automakers—including BYD, SAIC Motor, Changan Automobile, Chery, and Dongfeng—have identified 2027 as the key year for the initial mass production of
- [The Technological Republic Comes For Climate Finance](https://cop31tr.com/the-technological-republic-comes-for-climate-finance/) - This is the fifth piece in a series on the political economy of climate finance. Previous pieces examined the geopolitical origins of the finance gap, why blended finance fails to deliver, the plumbing problems ahead of COP31, and the philosophical anatomy of systemic failure. This piece looks at what comes next. The Manifesto Palantir's "Technological
- [Vietnam Launches Giant Floating Solar Projects at Hydroelectric Reservoirs](https://cop31tr.com/vietnam-launches-giant-floating-solar-projects-at-hydroelectric-reservoirs/) - Vietnam's state-owned power producer EVNGENCO1 has announced plans to develop a 270 MW floating solar portfolio across three hydroelectric reservoirs in Lam Dong Province. The projects, to be built at the Dai Ninh, Ham Thuan, and Da Mi reservoirs, are designed to expand the country's renewable energy capacity while making more efficient use of existing
- [Who Will Decarbonize Scope 3? Connecting Supply Chains, Public Support and Green Finance in Türkiye](https://cop31tr.com/who-will-decarbonize-scope-3-connecting-supply-chains-public-support-and-green-finance-in-turkiye/) - Net-zero commitments are becoming increasingly common across industries. Yet for many companies, the largest share of emissions does not come from their own factories, offices or purchased electricity. It sits outside their direct operational boundaries — embedded in purchased materials and components, logistics, production processes, product use and increasingly complex global value chains. This is
- [Europe’s Largest Agrivoltaics Project Begins Construction in Italy](https://cop31tr.com/europes-largest-agrivoltaics-project-begins-construction-in-italy/) - Danish renewable energy developer European Energy has officially launched construction of a 225.5 MW agrivoltaics project near Vizzini in Sicily, Italy. Backed by an investment exceeding €200 million, the facility is set to become one of Italy’s largest agrivoltaics plants and one of the most significant agricultural solar projects in Europe. Designed with solar panels
- [Türkiye’s Green Finance Test on the Road to COP31: From Targets to Bankable Transition](https://cop31tr.com/turkiyes-green-finance-test-on-the-road-to-cop31-from-targets-to-bankable-transition/) - Türkiye is not only preparing to host COP31. It is also preparing to demonstrate whether it can build a transition architecture that connects climate targets with the financial system, capital markets, banking, data infrastructure, and real-economy investments. For this reason, the Presidential Circular on the National Green Finance Strategy and Action Plan, published in the
- [Solar Technology Produces Both Clean Water and Lithium](https://cop31tr.com/solar-technology-produces-both-clean-water-and-lithium/) - Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed an innovative solar-powered desalination technology that produces clean drinking water without the use of chemicals or generating harmful wastewater. The system uses specially engineered black metal solar panels with laser-patterned surfaces to evaporate water in ultra-thin layers, leaving salts behind for easy collection. Unlike conventional desalination methods
- [Development of a Community-Based Green Hydrogen Production with Combined Wind and Solar Electrolysis Model and its Project Management (Part 5)](https://cop31tr.com/development-of-a-community-based-green-hydrogen-production-with-combined-wind-and-solar-electrolysis-model-and-its-project-management-part-5/) - In the part 5 of this article series, I studied the project management tools including the requirement of Earned Value (EV) in project metrics, digital dashboards, use of the digital dashboard tool, and the Earned Value Analysis in Green Hydrogen Production Project that shows how the live green hydrogen or green energy projects can be
- [SEKISUI Prepares to Commercialize Thin Film Solar Cells](https://cop31tr.com/sekisui-prepares-to-commercialize-thin-film-solar-cells/) - SEKISUI is preparing to transform the renewable energy sector with its next-generation film-type perovskite solar cells. Featuring an ultra-lightweight, flexible, and thin design, the technology offers significantly broader application possibilities than conventional silicon solar panels. Manufactured using iodine instead of rare earth materials, the solar cells deliver 15.0% conversion efficiency and are designed to withstand
- [From "Triple Up, Double Down" to "35 by 2035": Naming Was Never the Hard Part — Delivery Is](https://cop31tr.com/from-triple-up-double-down-to-35-by-2035-naming-was-never-the-hard-part-delivery-is/) - In late 2023, a group of us in the COP28 Presidency were staring at a sentence no headline could carry: "tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling the rate of energy efficiency improvement by 2030." Accurate. Also a mouthful. You cannot put that on a badge, a press release, or a wall. We needed something short
- [From Compliance to Competitive Advantage: What Boards Need to Ask Before COP31](https://cop31tr.com/from-compliance-to-competitive-advantage-what-boards-need-to-ask-before-cop31/) - The fact that COP31 will be held in Antalya on 9–20 November 2026 represents more than a diplomatic hosting opportunity for Türkiye. It also creates an important threshold for companies to rethink their climate, regulation, financing and competitiveness agendas. The UNFCCC’s “Road to Antalya” process defines a preparatory pathway between the COP30 Presidency and the
- [AutoFlight Achieves Major Milestone with Electric Aircraft Formation Flight](https://cop31tr.com/autoflight-achieves-major-milestone-with-electric-aircraft-formation-flight/) - Chinese electric aircraft manufacturer AutoFlight has successfully completed a landmark formation flight involving its heavy-payload V5000 Matrix aircraft and two smaller V2000-series vehicles. The demonstration marks a significant milestone in validating real-time coordination of flight paths, separation distances, and communication between electric aircraft with different sizes and flight characteristics. The achievement represents an important step
- [Ferrari Enters the Electric Vehicle Market with the Luce](https://cop31tr.com/ferrari-enters-the-electric-vehicle-market-with-the-luce/) - Ferrari has made a bold entry into the electric vehicle market with the unveiling of the Luce, a five-seat hatchback that departs from the brand's traditional design philosophy. Developed in collaboration with the LoveFrom design studio, the new model is powered by four electric motors delivering a combined 1,050 horsepower and a 122 kWh battery
- [Electric Vehicles Are Becoming Mobile Power Plants for Homes](https://cop31tr.com/electric-vehicles-are-becoming-mobile-power-plants-for-homes/) - A new pilot program in California is transforming electric vehicles from simple transportation devices into mobile energy storage systems for homes and the electricity grid. Developed through a partnership between Bidirectional Energy and Wallbox, the initiative deploys 120 advanced bidirectional chargers that allow electric vehicles to both charge from the grid and supply stored electricity
- [CATL Revolutionizes Logistics with Battery Swapping Technology](https://cop31tr.com/catl-revolutionizes-logistics-with-battery-swapping-technology/) - Battery manufacturer CATL has launched China's first standardized battery swapping ecosystem for light commercial vehicles. Known as "Choco-Swap," the system enables battery replacement in just 120 seconds, dramatically reducing downtime for logistics operations. Designed as a faster and more cost-effective alternative to conventional charging, the technology is already supported by dozens of battery swap stations
- [Cleaner Air, Quieter Streets: What Cities Gain When Their Buses Go Electric](https://cop31tr.com/cleaner-air-quieter-streets-what-cities-gain-when-their-buses-go-electric/) - Electrifying a bus fleet is one of the most practical climate moves a city can make. The carbon savings count, but the change people actually notice is cleaner air, quieter streets, and bills that stop swinging with the price of oil. When we talk about climate action, the picture that comes to mind is usually
- [Ultra-Thin Solar Cell Revolution in Space Defense](https://cop31tr.com/ultra-thin-solar-cell-revolution-in-space-defense/) - As global competition in space intensifies, energy generation and resilience are becoming strategic pillars of modern defense architectures. Ultra-lightweight perovskite and thin-film solar cell technologies are emerging as game-changing solutions for applications ranging from satellite constellations to military systems, thanks to their low weight, flexibility, and high specific power capabilities. Scientific breakthroughs, such as the
- [Comprehensive A-to-Z Technical Guide for Battery Technologies Released](https://cop31tr.com/comprehensive-a-to-z-technical-guide-for-battery-technologies-released/) - Drawing on more than 30 years of experience in the electric vehicle and battery sector, BatteryDesign.net has introduced a comprehensive technical guide designed for all stakeholders in the battery industry. Published under the title “Battery A to Z” the up-to-date resource covers topics ranging from fundamental physical principles to advanced manufacturing processes. Intended as a
- [CDR Brief Issue 9: The Current State of Carbon Removal Policy Around the World](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-9-the-current-state-of-carbon-removal-policy-around-the-world/) - Carbon dioxide removal is no longer only a voluntary market topic. Around the world, governments are beginning to shape how removals are funded, certified, counted, and integrated into climate policy. The policy landscape is still uneven: some jurisdictions are creating tools for engineered removals such as direct air capture and BECCS, while others have more
- [EREKSEL SAPMA (Eudaimonic Drift)](https://cop31tr.com/ereksel-sapma-eudaimonic-drift/) - PLATO'S IDEA, ARISTOTLE'S TELOS, AND IBN ARABI’S AYN-I SABIT THE PHILOSOPHICAL ANATOMY OF CLIMATE FINANCE This is the fourth piece in a series on the political economy of climate finance. Previous pieces examined the geopolitical origins of the finance gap, why blended finance fails to deliver, and the plumbing problems ahead of COP31. In my
- [The Climate Transition Has Reached Its Inflection Point](https://cop31tr.com/the-climate-transition-has-reached-its-inflection-point/) - For years, climate policy was framed as a story of sacrifice: higher costs, slower growth, harder choices. UNEP’s new policy brief, Cheaper. Cleaner. Unstoppable., argues that this framing is increasingly out of date. Across power, transport, buildings and food systems, clean technologies are no longer peripheral alternatives waiting for future breakthroughs. Many are already crossing the
- [China Commissions Massive Hybrid Hydro-Solar Power Plant](https://cop31tr.com/china-commissions-massive-hybrid-hydro-solar-power-plant/) - Chinese energy giant Huaneng Group has officially commissioned the Xiaowan Hybrid Hydro-Solar Project in Yunnan Province, with a total capacity of 5.43 GW. The project combines an existing 4.2 GW hydropower facility with an additional 1.23 GW of solar capacity, marking a significant milestone in renewable energy development. Through advanced smart coordination systems, the intermittent
- [First Electric Bicycle with Semi-Solid-State Battery Unveiled](https://cop31tr.com/first-electric-bicycle-with-semi-solid-state-battery-unveiled/) - California-based manufacturer Ride1Up has introduced the Revv1 Evo, a new moped-style electric bicycle equipped with semi-solid-state battery technology designed to address the lifespan and reliability limitations of conventional lithium-ion batteries. As the first mainstream and affordable e-bike in the United States to adopt this advanced battery chemistry, the model enters the market with a price
- [Batteries Are Booming. Are They Actually Cutting Emissions?](https://cop31tr.com/batteries-are-booming-are-they-actually-cutting-emissions/) - Energy storage is the fastest-growing technology on the power grid, and one of the most argued-about. Whether it helps or hurts the climate depends less on the battery itself than on how, where, and what it is built from. Few technologies have grown as fast as battery storage. In 2025 alone, the world added 108
- [Wireless Charging for Electric Ships Becomes Possible at Sea](https://cop31tr.com/wireless-charging-for-electric-ships-becomes-possible-at-sea/) - A groundbreaking technology known as the “Ocean Charger” project has introduced a magnetic charging system that enables electric vessels to recharge at sea without physical contact. Developed under the leadership of Vard and SINTEF, the solution allows service vessels operating around offshore wind farms to replenish their batteries without returning to port. Designed to withstand
- [Spain Increases Energy Storage Capacity by 589%](https://cop31tr.com/spain-increases-energy-storage-capacity-by-589/) - One year after the massive nationwide blackout that struck Spain in 2025, the country’s energy storage capacity has surged by a record 589%. The outage exposed structural weaknesses within Spain’s renewable energy-dominated power system and prompted a complete reassessment of energy security strategies, accelerating investments in battery storage technologies. Although installed battery capacity has now
- [Learning Energy in Germany, Shaping the Global Transition: Reflections from the 7th Turkish-German Energy Forum](https://cop31tr.com/learning-energy-in-germany-shaping-the-global-transition-reflections-from-the-7th-turkish-german-energy-forum/) - After completing my undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering at Istanbul Technical University in 2001, I went to Germany to pursue a master’s degree in Energy Conversion and Management at Hochschule Offenburg. At the time, I could not fully know how decisive that choice would become for my life and career. Those were the early years
- [Parked Electric Vehicles to Charge Electric Ferries in Germany](https://cop31tr.com/parked-electric-vehicles-to-charge-electric-ferries-in-germany/) - Germany is launching an innovative project that uses the batteries of parked electric vehicles to help power electric ferries. The initiative, called "BIDI-EL," utilizes Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology to transform port parking areas into decentralized energy hubs. Led by Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences in cooperation with AG Reederei Norden-Frisia, the project combines solar power with
- [India Expands Energy Storage and Battery Recycling Efforts](https://cop31tr.com/india-expands-energy-storage-and-battery-recycling-efforts/) - India is witnessing two major developments in its energy sector. Pace Digitek has secured a contract for a massive 250 MW/500 MWh battery energy storage system project in Jharkhand, while LICO Materials has been selected for government incentives aimed at critical mineral recycling. The approximately $74 million storage project is expected to strengthen regional energy
- [Electric Trucks Receive 93% Approval Rating in the Logistics Sector](https://cop31tr.com/electric-trucks-receive-93-approval-rating-in-the-logistics-sector/) - A new study conducted by the German Institute for Applied Ecology has revealed that satisfaction with electric trucks in the logistics sector has reached an impressive 93%. The survey, involving 57 logistics companies that have operated electric heavy-duty vehicles for at least one year, shows that lower operating costs and improved driver comfort are accelerating
- [UK Battery Fire Triggers Technology Upgrade Strategy](https://cop31tr.com/uk-battery-fire-triggers-technology-upgrade-strategy/) - The cause of a fire at the 7 MW/9 MWh Rufford Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in Nottinghamshire, England, has been identified as a short circuit within the facility’s NMC battery technology. The incident, which occurred on the morning of May 1 at the site operated by Gresham House Energy Storage Fund (GRID), was quickly
- [Toyota Debunks Common Myths About Electric Vehicles](https://cop31tr.com/toyota-debunks-common-myths-about-electric-vehicles/) - Toyota has addressed widespread misconceptions surrounding modern electric vehicles by highlighting recent advances in range, performance, and affordability. According to Toyota executive Cody Emmert, next-generation EVs deliver instant torque and seamless power, significantly enhancing the driving experience. The company emphasized that improvements in battery technology and the convenience of home charging have largely eliminated range
- [Romania Shifts Solar Subsidies Toward Battery Storage Systems](https://cop31tr.com/romania-shifts-solar-subsidies-toward-battery-storage-systems/) - Romania is redirecting its residential clean energy strategy by suspending the Casa Verde solar subsidy program and shifting its focus toward energy storage systems. According to the Environmental Fund Administration (AFM), the incentive scheme will not be implemented this year, with available funds being redirected to infrastructure projects. Under the country's new strategy, which targets
- [CDR Brief Issue 8: The Evolutionary Path from Global Frameworks to Regional Action](https://cop31tr.com/the-evolutionary-path-from-global-frameworks-to-regional-action/) - The timeline of global climate action is shifting from decades to years. As we look ahead to COP31 in Antalya, understanding how the carbon removal ecosystem has matured over the past two adjustment cycles is a strategic necessity. The journey from Baku to Belém has fundamentally changed how the world views durable carbon removal*, moving
- [Germany’s Balcony Solar Capacity Reaches 2.5 GW](https://cop31tr.com/germanys-balcony-solar-capacity-reaches-2-5-gw/) - Germany’s individual energy transition has reached a historic milestone as solar power moves onto residential balconies. According to data from April 2026, the number of installed balcony solar systems across the country has surpassed 1.3 million, with officially registered capacity reaching 1.34 GW. When unregistered systems are included, the total installed capacity is estimated to
- [Adam Smith Needs Revision: The Game Theory of COP31](https://cop31tr.com/adam-smith-needs-revision-the-game-theory-of-cop31/) - There's a scene in the movie A Beautiful Mind I keep coming back to — and I’d recommend you watch it first here. Four students in a bar. A group of women walks in. Every one of the men wants the same prize, and the conventional wisdom of the day — Adam Smith, father of
- [Solar Panels Increase Tomato Yield by 25% in Spain](https://cop31tr.com/solar-panels-increase-tomato-yield-by-25-in-spain/) - A new study conducted in Spain has revealed that agrivoltaic systems using semi-transparent monocrystalline silicon solar panels can increase tomato yields by 25% while simultaneously generating clean energy. Led by the Murcia Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research and Development (IMIDA), the research demonstrates that this technology can simultaneously support food security and renewable energy
- [From Baku's Promises to Antalya's Reality: Testing the Plumbing of Climate Finance at COP31](https://cop31tr.com/from-bakus-promises-to-antalyas-reality-testing-the-plumbing-of-climate-finance-at-cop31/) - In my previous brief, "Blended Finance’s Broken Promise: Why the Money Never Arrives" I argued that the global climate finance gap is fundamentally a structural plumbing issue rather than a volume problem. As we edge closer to COP31 in Antalya this November, the debate around the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) is intensifying. However, the
- [High-Capacity Lithium Batteries Operate in Freezing Conditions](https://cop31tr.com/high-capacity-lithium-batteries-operate-in-freezing-conditions/) - Researchers from Nankai University and the Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources have developed a revolutionary hydrofluorocarbon-based electrolyte that enables lithium-metal batteries to maintain high performance even in extreme cold conditions. Published in the journal Nature, the study doubles the capacity of current commercial batteries, reaching an energy density of 707 Wh/kg. This new technology,
- [Development of a Community-Based Green Hydrogen Production with Combined Wind and Solar Electrolysis Model and its Project Management (Part 4)](https://cop31tr.com/development-of-a-community-based-green-hydrogen-production-with-combined-wind-and-solar-electrolysis-model-and-its-project-management-part-3-2/) - In the part 4 of this article series, I examined project shareholder structure including funding options, community engagement with local economic impact, employment opportunities and local supply chain development, public information, environmental safety and acceptance, sustainable urban integration, public information about investment and operational structure after the construction and transportation associations/end users involvement just before analyzing
- [The Unseen Hero of the Green Transformation: Data](https://cop31tr.com/the-unseen-hero-of-the-green-transformation-data/) - Looking at the history of industry, we see that every major transformation actually began not with technology, but with data. The agricultural revolution was made possible by measuring the land.The industrial revolution grew by measuring production.Digital transformation entered our lives with the measurement of processes and operations. Today, we are in the midst of a
- [The Reflections of the Zero Waste Forum: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly](https://cop31tr.com/the-reflections-of-the-zero-waste-forum-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/) - It would be a lie to say I did not expect to be invited to the Zero Waste Forum, given that I have dedicated the past 15 years of my career to zero waste and the circular economy. Still, I was over the moon when the invitation arrived, particularly as it came through referrals from
- [World’s First Ammonia-Powered Ships Mark a New Era in Maritime Transport](https://cop31tr.com/worlds-first-ammonia-powered-ships-mark-a-new-era-in-maritime-transport/) - South Korean shipbuilding giant HD Hyundai Heavy Industries has taken a revolutionary step toward zero-carbon shipping by completing the world’s first ammonia-powered vessels. Built for Belgian company Exmar, the mid-sized gas carriers “Antwerpen” and “Arlon” run on ammonia fuel, which is carbon-free and easier to store compared to hydrogen. With ammonia expected to account for
- [World’s First Solar-Powered Ambulance Set to Transform Emergency Healthcare](https://cop31tr.com/worlds-first-solar-powered-ambulance-set-to-transform-emergency-healthcare/) - The Solar Team Eindhoven, a group of students from Eindhoven University of Technology, has partnered with technology company AIKO to develop the world’s first solar-powered ambulance, named “Stella Juva.” Designed to improve healthcare services in regions with limited infrastructure and difficult access, this innovative vehicle uses high-efficiency ABC solar cells to fully power both driving
- [A Deep Dive into the Zero Waste Forum 2026: Zero Waste as Climate Action](https://cop31tr.com/a-deep-dive-into-the-zero-waste-forum-2026-zero-waste-as-climate-action/) - The Zero Waste Forum 2026, held from June 5 to 7 at Atatürk Airport in Istanbul, brought together an unusually diverse group of policymakers, academics, engineers, city leaders, international organizations, civil society representatives and sustainability practitioners around one central message: zero waste is no longer only a waste management agenda. It is climate action. For
- [From the Editor: May at a Glance, COP31 Türkiye Brief](https://cop31tr.com/from-the-editor-may-at-a-glance-cop31-turkiye-brief/) - Dear COP31 Türkiye Brief Community, April showed that COP31 Türkiye Brief had moved from editorial formation into editorial momentum. May showed something equally important: momentum now needs channels, bridges, and editorial discipline. The conversation around COP31 is no longer only about preparing for a future climate summit. It is becoming a broader test of how Türkiye, the region,
- [CDR Brief Issue 7: How Carbon Removal Projects Get Financed](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-7-how-carbon-removal-projects-get-financed/) - Carbon dioxide removal needs more than good technology. It needs the right financing structure at the right moment. A project may begin as a scientific idea, move into pilot testing, reach a first commercial facility, and only later become a repeatable infrastructure asset. Each stage carries different risks: technology risk, delivery risk, MRV risk, certification
- [Türkiye's COP31 Moment: Why This One Matters?](https://cop31tr.com/turkiyes-cop31-moment-why-this-one-matters/) - Every year, the world's nations gather under one roof and commit to something no single country can solve alone: governing a planetary crisis together. No binding treaty automatically enforces the outcomes. No financial penalty punishes inaction. And yet, the agreements reached in these rooms — from Paris to Glasgow, from Sharm El Sheikh to Dubai,
- [The World’s First Solid-State Battery Motorcycle Enters Production](https://cop31tr.com/the-worlds-first-solid-state-battery-motorcycle-enters-production/) - Estonian manufacturer Verge Motorcycles has announced the start of production for the TS Pro, the world’s first mass-produced electric motorcycle powered by solid-state battery technology. Developed in collaboration with Finnish partner Donut Lab, the innovative model aims to revolutionize the electric vehicle industry’s long-standing range and charging limitations with a driving range of up to
- [Suzan Marwan Shahin](https://cop31tr.com/suzan-shahin/) - Dr. Suzan Shahin is a distinguished Environmentalist and Horticultural Scientist serving as an assistant professor in the College of Arts and Science and the Head of the Innovation & Entrepreneurship Center at Umm Al Quwain University (UAQU). Dr. Shahin has profound expertise in various disciplines including climate change, arid land agriculture, irrigation, food security, and
- [The Grid Is Becoming the Center of the Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/the-grid-is-becoming-the-center-of-the-energy-transition/) - The global energy transition has entered a more difficult phase. For years, progress was measured mainly in renewable capacity: More solar panels, more wind turbines, more gigawatts added each year. That progress remains essential. Yet IRENA’s new roadmap argues that the next stage will be decided by something less visible and more complex: Whether power
- [Resolving the Accounting Confusion: Nested Accounting to Replace Corresponding Adjustments for Durable CDR](https://cop31tr.com/resolving-the-accounting-confusion-nested-accounting-to-replace-corresponding-adjustments-for-durable-cdr/) - Introduction This article is inspired by a recent discussion on the "CDR Policy Scoop" podcast co-hosted by Sebastian Manhart and Eve Tamme, titled “Corresponding Adjustments: Necessary or Overkill” which was an inspiring debate as part of the Showdown series. It was about whether voluntary offsetting should require Corresponding Adjustments (CAs). Olga Gassan‑zade, former chair of
- [The Citizen at the Center of Europe’s Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/the-citizen-at-the-center-of-europes-energy-transition/) - The Citizens Energy Package is Brussels’ attempt to make the clean-energy transition legible, affordable and politically durable for households. For years, Europe’s energy transition has been discussed in the language of grids, gigawatts and market design. The European Commission’s Citizens Energy Package changes the register. It brings the transition indoors, to the unpaid bill on the counter,
- [Germany’s Largest Artificial Lake and Floating Solar Plant Rise from Former Coal Mine](https://cop31tr.com/germanys-largest-artificial-lake-and-floating-solar-plant-rise-from-former-coal-mine/) - In the German state of Brandenburg, the Cottbus-Nord site, which operated as a lignite mine for more than three decades, is being transformed into the country’s largest artificial lake through a massive redevelopment project. Under the project known as “Cottbuser Ostsee” the former open-pit mine is turning into a multifunctional recreational destination with a surface
- [CDR Brief Issue 6: Growing a Balanced CDR Portfolio | Nature and Technology Complement Each Other](https://cop31tr.com/growing-a-balanced-cdr-portfolio-nature-and-technology-complement-each-other/) - The Big Picture: A Systems Perspective The atmosphere is a system that needs balance. Achieving our climate goals is not possible by choosing one "winning" solution. It is about building a reliable and diverse set of actions. Just like a healthy forest needs different types of plants to stay strong, a healthy climate strategy needs
- [James Bond-Backed BYD Charges in Five Minutes](https://cop31tr.com/james-bond-backed-byd-charges-in-five-minutes/) - Chinese automotive giant BYD has partnered with actor Daniel Craig for the European launch of its new luxury model, the Denza Z9 GT. Scheduled to hit European roads in 2026, this high-performance vehicle stands out with nearly 1,000 horsepower and its groundbreaking “Flash Charging” technology. Offering up to 500 kilometers of range with just five
- [Waymo Becomes a Giant in the Robotaxi Industry with 500,000 Weekly Rides](https://cop31tr.com/waymo-becomes-a-giant-in-the-robotaxi-industry-with-500000-weekly-rides/) - Alphabet subsidiary Waymo has surpassed the milestone of 500,000 paid weekly rides, marking a major achievement in the robotaxi industry. Having doubled its passenger volume since April of last year, the company has expanded across 10 major U.S. markets, further strengthening its leadership in autonomous mobility. With a target of reaching one million weekly rides
- [The World’s First Flexible Perovskite Solar Tile Has Been Developed](https://cop31tr.com/the-worlds-first-flexible-perovskite-solar-tile-has-been-developed/) - Dutch research organization TNO, in collaboration with thin-film specialist ASAT, has introduced the world’s first roof tile design based on flexible perovskite solar cell technology. This innovative product, which offers aesthetic compatibility with traditional building materials, achieved an efficiency rate of 12.4% through solar panel technology integrated into a curved composite surface. Developed using roll-to-roll
- [Building Facades Are Turning into Power Plants with Vertical Solar Panels](https://cop31tr.com/building-facades-are-turning-into-power-plants-with-vertical-solar-panels/) - Modern cities have limited rooftop space, which is increasing the importance of vertical surfaces in the transition to clean energy. Industry leaders such as the Spanish manufacturer Eurener are pioneering this transformation with high-efficiency solar panel solutions optimized for densely populated urban areas. Facade systems that deliver strong performance especially under low-light conditions and during
- [AI Is Not a Climate Solution. It Is Something More Disruptive Than That.](https://cop31tr.com/ai-is-not-a-climate-solution-it-is-something-more-disruptive-than-that/) - Every major technological transition in history has been preceded by a period when the tools existed but the institutional imagination to use them did not. We are living through exactly that period in climate action right now. Artificial intelligence is not a missing piece of the climate puzzle. It is the thing that changes what
- [The Taxonomy Trap: When Classification Blocks Capital Mobility](https://cop31tr.com/the-taxonomy-trap-when-classification-blocks-capital-mobility/) - Hard Question Are transition taxonomies optimizing for compliance integrity instead of capital mobility? The Core Friction Taxonomies were designed to solve a real problem: credibility. Markets needed common definitions, comparable disclosures, and protection against greenwashing. In that sense, taxonomies have been useful. They have improved label discipline and forced financial actors to become more precise
- [New Battery That Doubles the Range of Electric Vehicles](https://cop31tr.com/new-battery-that-doubles-the-range-of-electric-vehicles/) - Chinese scientists have developed a groundbreaking battery technology that could double the range of electric vehicles and maintain performance even in freezing temperatures. Developed with a new hydrofluorocarbon-based electrolyte, this technology offers the possibility of traveling up to 1,000 kilometers on a single charge, while operating safely even in extreme temperatures as low as -70°C.
- [The World’s First Fully Electric Giant Passenger Ship Has Been Unveiled](https://cop31tr.com/the-worlds-first-fully-electric-giant-passenger-ship-has-been-unveiled/) - German shipbuilding giant Meyer Werft has unveiled “Project Vision,” the world’s first fully electric large passenger ship concept, which could mark a turning point for the maritime industry. Presented at Seatrade Cruise Global, the 275-meter vessel aims to reduce CO₂ emissions by up to 95 percent using existing technologies. With capacity for 1,856 passengers, the
- [The Türkiye–GCC Green Corridor: Capital, Technology, and the Logic of a Two-Way Partnership](https://cop31tr.com/the-turkiye-gcc-green-corridor-capital-technology-and-the-logic-of-a-two-way-partnership/) - The most consequential climate partnerships of the next decade will not be between countries that share geography. They will be between countries that share complementarity where one side's strengths fill the other's gaps, and where the flow of value runs in both directions. The Türkiye–GCC relationship, if structured with clarity, is precisely that kind of
- [COP31 Türkiye Brief and Solarbaba Open a New Channel for Türkiye’s Energy Transition Debate](https://cop31tr.com/cop31-turkiye-brief-and-solarbaba-open-a-new-channel-for-turkiyes-energy-transition-debate/) - Türkiye’s energy transition is entering a period in which ideas, expertise and public communication matter as much as infrastructure and investment. COP31 Türkiye Brief is pleased to announce a new content collaboration with Solarbaba, one of Türkiye’s long-standing independent platforms working to advance solar energy and, more recently, the broader green transition. For years, Solarbaba
- [Development of a Community-Based Green Hydrogen Production with Combined Wind and Solar Electrolysis Model and its Project Management (Part 3)](https://cop31tr.com/development-of-a-community-based-green-hydrogen-production-with-combined-wind-and-solar-electrolysis-model-and-its-project-management-part-3/) - In the part 3 of this article series, I examined strategic, technical, and financial things that need to be thought about in order to get finance to make our green hydrogen production project investment take place in Türkiye. It is highlighted that the importance of using both international and local funding sources blended with more effective and
- [From the Editor: April at a Glance, COP31 Türkiye Brief](https://cop31tr.com/from-the-editor-april-at-a-glance-cop31-turkiye-brief/) - Dear COP31 Türkiye Brief Community, April was the month COP31 Türkiye Brief moved from editorial formation into editorial momentum. If January introduced the platform, February widened the conversation, and March sharpened its instinct, April began to show what this publication can become when it operates as a living space for climate interpretation. The month brought
- [Türkiye's Climate Tech Moment: Why COP31 is a Defining Test ](https://cop31tr.com/turkiyes-climate-tech-moment-why-cop31-is-a-defining-test/) - It is important to know strongly that COP presidencies are not conference hosts. They are leaders of partnership between countries, companies, NGO’s and also a stress test of a country's ability to translate diplomatic ambition into credible, scalable action. As Türkiye prepares to host COP31, the question of climate technology—who develops it, who finances it,
- [Santa Marta and the Politics of Leaving Fossil Fuels Behind](https://cop31tr.com/santa-marta-and-the-politics-of-leaving-fossil-fuels-behind/) - Santa Marta did not deliver a treaty. It did something more immediate: it moved the fossil fuel phase-out debate from slogan to statecraft. For three decades, climate diplomacy has largely treated fossil fuels as the thing just outside the frame. The negotiations counted emissions, priced carbon, encouraged renewables, tracked national pledges and debated finance. But
- [Europe’s Energy Transition Moves Closer to the Front Door](https://cop31tr.com/europes-energy-transition-moves-closer-to-the-front-door/) - The European Commission’s new energy measures put cities, households and local authorities at the centre of Europe’s affordability agenda. For years, Europe’s clean energy debate has been framed in the language of grids, markets and megawatts. The European Commission’s latest package shifts the frame closer to everyday life: the bill on the kitchen table, the
- [Reflections from the First CDR Stage: Moving from Curiosity to Collective Action](https://cop31tr.com/reflections-from-the-first-cdr-stage-moving-from-curiosity-to-collective-action/) - The opening session of the CDR Stage towards COP31 felt like a turning point. For the last three years, I have joined countless online CDR events, and as far as I know, I was almost always the only person joining from Türkiye in most of them. This week was different. I co-hosted our opening webinar
- [CDR Brief Issue 5: CDR Credits, Supply Gaps, and the Shape of the Market](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-5-cdr-credits-supply-gaps-and-the-shape-of-the-market/) - In this CDR Brief issue, we will go deeper into the current situation of CDR credits in the carbon market. Before looking at the market, it is useful to start with the basic unit: the carbon removal credit. A carbon removal credit usually represents one tonne of CO₂ that has been removed from the atmosphere
- [CDR Brief Issue 4: A Systems View on CCS and CDR](https://cop31tr.com/a-systems-view-on-ccs-and-cdr/) - In 2026, the scientific consensus on how close we are to critical thresholds is sharp. The Planetary Health Check 2025, a joint report by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and the Stockholm Resilience Centre, confirms that seven out of nine planetary boundaries have now been crossed. This latest assessment marks a significant
- [What does the COP31 host’s electricity system look like?](https://cop31tr.com/what-does-the-cop31-hosts-electricity-system-look-like/) - As Türkiye prepares to host COP31 in Antalya, its electricity system reflects a mixed picture: coal remains the largest source of power generation, while wind and solar are expanding rapidly and reaching record shares. According to Ember’s Türkiye Electricity Review 2026, coal remained Türkiye’s largest source of electricity in 2025, accounting for 34% of generation.
- [The Valuation Gap: Why Financial Models Misprice the Future](https://cop31tr.com/the-valuation-gap-why-financial-models-misprice-the-future/) - The Core Friction Valuation failure is not a data scarcity problem. It is a structural limitation in how financial systems translate long-term resilience into priceable variables. Financial markets price depletion with precision, yet systematically discount the conditions required for renewal. Extraction fits the paradigm of modern valuation: it is measurable, comparable, and historically grounded. Regeneration,
- [Sibel Eker](https://cop31tr.com/sibel-eker/) - Dr. Sibel Eker is a senior research scholar at the Energy, Climate and Environment program of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Her interdisciplinary research profile combines systems analysis and engineering, decision sciences, and social sciences. Her work brings a systems thinking and uncertainty focus to climate change and sustainability problems with model-based approaches.
- [The Clean Energy Race Has Entered Its Industrial Age](https://cop31tr.com/the-clean-energy-race-has-entered-its-industrial-age/) - In Energy Technology Perspectives 2026, the International Energy Agency argues that the future of the energy transition will be shaped not only by deployment, but by who controls supply chains, manufacturing capacity and industrial competitiveness. The energy transition has moved into a new phase. For years, the dominant question was whether clean technologies could scale fast enough
- [Europe’s Competitiveness Compass Is Really About Power](https://cop31tr.com/europes-competitiveness-compass-is-really-about-power/) - Issued by the European Commission in Brussels on 29 January 2025, A Competitiveness Compass for the EU is presented as a roadmap for growth. But its real subject is power. Beneath the language of productivity, innovation and market reform lies a deeper anxiety: that Europe is losing the economic foundations of its political influence. The world that once
- [The Turkish Reflection of REMIT: Transparency and Market Integrity in Energy and Environmental Markets](https://cop31tr.com/the-turkish-reflection-of-remit-transparency-and-market-integrity-in-energy-and-environmental-markets/) - Energy markets have traditionally been understood through the lenses of security of supply, investment dynamics, and price formation. As of 2026, however, a different theme is taking center stage: market integrity. Prices are no longer shaped solely by supply and demand. They are increasingly influenced by how information is generated, disclosed, and accessed, as well
- [Industry, Energy and the New Architecture of Stability](https://cop31tr.com/industry-energy-and-the-new-architecture-of-stability/) - Industry, energy, climate and security now move together. Across middle-income and emerging economies, they shape the same question: how countries build resilience, create jobs, reduce fragility and secure long-term stability in an age of disruption. That reality calls for a wider understanding of security. The term reaches far beyond geopolitics. It now includes the strength
- [ENYOKDER Launches in Türkiye to Advance the Fight Against Energy Poverty](https://cop31tr.com/enyokder-launches-in-turkiye-to-advance-the-fight-against-energy-poverty/) - The Association for Combating Energy Poverty (ENYOKDER) has been established to work toward eliminating energy poverty, a growing challenge that leaves millions of people unable to access energy, unable to use it adequately, or unable to afford its cost. Founded in Ankara, ENYOKDER brings together individuals from different regions of Türkiye who are active across
- [IVECF 2026 - Keeping Green Positivity Alive](https://cop31tr.com/ivecf-2026-keeping-green-positivity-alive/) - Vienna can sometimes feel like a city of memory. But at the International Vienna Energy and Climate Forum 2026, it felt unmistakably like a city of momentum. I arrived at IVECF at a time when the global mood around climate, energy and multilateralism has become noticeably heavier. Over the past one to two years, the
- [Information Note on the TBMM AI Workshop Report: The Energy Sector](https://cop31tr.com/information-note-on-the-tbmm-ai-workshop-report-the-energy-sector/) - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE ENERGY SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF TÜRKİYE (TBMM) AND THE PRESIDENCY DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OFFICE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WORKSHOP REPORT I. The Structural Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and the Energy Sector: A Two-Way Field of Transformation The report prepared within the scope of the Artificial Intelligence Workshop of
- [Development of a Community-Based Green Hydrogen Production with Combined Wind and Solar Electrolysis Model and its Project Management (Part 2)](https://cop31tr.com/development-of-a-community-based-green-hydrogen-production-with-combined-wind-and-solar-electrolysis-model-and-its-project-management-part-2/) - In the second article (part 2) of this series, it examines the Investors, Funding, Strategical and Technical Assistance. Identifying investors is crucial for funding the green hydrogen facility in the selected location. This study qualifies for various investors and funding sources elaborated in the following sections, supported by Türkiye’s or any other concerned country’s Ministry of Energy including to serve
- [Global Risk, Local Pricing](https://cop31tr.com/global-risk-local-pricing/) - In the previous article, The Mechanics of Ecological Solvency, I examined how ecological degradation translates into financial risk, affecting cashflow stability, asset impairment, and the pricing of credit. That analysis establishes a critical premise: even where asset-level risks are understood, capital allocation remains constrained by how those risks are ultimately priced. This article turns to
- [Carbon Data as Infrastructure: Why Türkiye's CBAM Response Needs Digital-First Architecture](https://cop31tr.com/carbon-data-as-infrastructure-why-turkiyes-cbam-response-needs-digital-first-architecture/) - The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism enters its definitive phase in January 2026. For the first time, EU importers will be required to purchase and surrender CBAM certificates reflecting the embedded carbon content of goods crossing European borders. The transitional reporting period is over. What follows is a financial obligation, priced in real euros
- [From the Editor: March at a Glance, COP31 Türkiye Brief](https://cop31tr.com/from-the-editor-march-at-a-glance-cop31-turkiye-brief/) - Dear COP31 Türkiye Brief Community, March was the month COP31 Türkiye Brief began to feel less like a promising new platform and more like a publication with a clearer editorial instinct. If January was about framing the purpose of this space, and February was about widening the conversation, March was about sharpening it. The platform
- [Tuğba Sarı](https://cop31tr.com/tugba-sari/) - Tuğba Sarı has gained nearly ten years of experience across various roles in the energy market, including five years within multinational energy companies. This background has enabled her to develop a comprehensive understanding of the power sector and identify a wide range of business opportunities across global markets. Throughout her career, she has actively contributed
- [Development of a Community-Based Green Hydrogen Production with Combined Wind and Solar Electrolysis Model and its Project Management (Part 1)](https://cop31tr.com/development-of-a-community-based-green-hydrogen-production-with-combined-wind-and-solar-electrolysis-model-and-its-project-management-part-1/) - In the first article (part 1) of these series, I examined the feasibility and benefits of producing green hydrogen and green ammonia in communities in option using a combination of wind and solar electrolysis, and its project management plan until the production starts. The main goal is to keep the switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy
- [The Invisible Support | Facilitation as an Enabler for Scaling CDR](https://cop31tr.com/the-invisible-support-facilitation-as-an-enabler-for-scaling-cdr/) - The Reality of a Nascent Sector Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) is an emerging field that is beginning to see its first formal recognition. While we see pioneering frameworks like the EU Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF); CDR still lacks broad recognition, infrastructure, and integrated legislation for most of the world. It is not yet a
- [Mediterranean Islands Are Becoming the Front Line of Climate Adaptation](https://cop31tr.com/mediterranean-islands-are-becoming-the-front-line-of-climate-adaptation/) - For years, Europe’s small Mediterranean islands were treated as postcard economies: beautiful, seasonal, fragile, and too often peripheral to serious policymaking. A new white paper argues the opposite. These islands are not the edge of the climate crisis. They are its proving ground. The report, White Paper on Sustainable Tourism - Small Islands as Hubs
- [ASEAN’s Green Reckoning](https://cop31tr.com/aseans-green-reckoning/) - Southeast Asia has spent the past decade doing what fast-growing regions are supposed to do: expanding, industrializing and lifting millions out of poverty. But according to the Asian Development Bank’s new report "Advancing the Green Economy Transition in ASEAN", that success has also come with a mounting ecological bill. ASEAN economies grew at an average
- [The Mechanics of Ecological Solvency](https://cop31tr.com/the-mechanics-of-ecological-solvency/) - In the first article of this series, I examined the growing gap between political ambition and financial transmission - how climate finance commitments have scaled, but the mechanisms required to move capital into the real economy remain structurally incomplete. This piece builds on that foundation, shifting the focus from capital movement to asset durability: how ecological
- [Yiğit Bayol](https://cop31tr.com/yigit-bayol/) - With over 20 years of experience in entrepreneurship and software development, and more than 15 years building tailor-made software solutions, Yiğit Bayol has worked extensively within the start-up ecosystem, focusing on translating complex business needs into scalable and structured technology platforms. Over the past three years, he has focused on sustainability, combining his technical expertise
- [CDR Brief Issue 3: A Practical Guide to the Language of Carbon Removal](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-3-a-practical-guide-to-the-language-of-carbon-removal/) - As carbon dioxide removal attracts more attention, the number of concepts used across projects, policy, standards, and carbon markets is also growing. For readers who are becoming more familiar with CDR, building fluency in this language can significantly accelerate learning and make the field easier to navigate. This issue brings together a selection of core
- [Olive Oil’s Green Transition Will Define the Next Era of the Sector](https://cop31tr.com/olive-oils-green-transition-will-define-the-next-era-of-the-sector/) - Olive oil has long been marketed through heritage, taste and geography. But the sector’s defining story in 2026 is increasingly about something else: whether one of the world’s oldest food systems can adapt to a future shaped by climate stress, resource scarcity and tighter environmental expectations. The International Olive Council estimates global olive oil production
- [Evin Sungun](https://cop31tr.com/evin-sungun/) - Evin Sungun is a business development and stakeholder engagement expert with over a decade of experience in renewables, forging partnerships between industry and academia.She previously led the British Government’s COP26 Presidency and government-to-government (G2G) engagement in the southeastern states of the USA, delivering multiple initiatives on adaptation & resilience, decarbonizing the maritime industry and green
- [Is COP31 a Strategic Opportunity for Türkiye in Global Climate Governance?](https://cop31tr.com/is-cop31-a-strategic-opportunity-for-turkiye-in-global-climate-governance/) - The Evolving Meaning and Priorities of UNFCCC Conferences of the Parties (COPs) The Conferences of the Parties (COPs) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were initially conceived as diplomatic platforms primarily focused on negotiation and the formulation of commitments. Today, however, COPs have taken on a far more complex function. They
- [Uğur Can Yoldaş](https://cop31tr.com/ugur-can-yoldas/) - Uğur Can Yoldaş is a senior energy executive with over 25 years of experience across Türkiye’s electricity and renewable energy landscape. He has led major wind, solar, hybrid, and storage investments; overseen complex distribution and retail operations with sizable workforces; and contributed to the foundational design of Türkiye’s electricity market. His leadership spans project development,
- [İNŞA: Building Türkiye’s Climate-Neutral Cities Network](https://cop31tr.com/insa-building-turkiyes-climate-neutral-cities-network/) - In a policy landscape often crowded with pilot projects and short-lived coalitions, Türkiye’s İklim Nötr Şehirler Ağı (Climate Neutral Cities Network), or İNŞA, stands out for a simpler reason: scale with structure. Established under the NetZeroCities City Expert Support Facility and coordinated nationally by Marmara Municipalities Union, the network brings together 55 municipalities from across
- [Mesut Öztürk](https://cop31tr.com/mesut-ozturk/) - Mesut Ozturk is an energy systems professional with a robust electromechanical foundation, a community based green hydrogen production models developer, and a proven track record in project management of complex and multinational projects. He is currently working in Technip Energies CCC JV NFS LNG Energy Project and has taken project management roles in various international
- [RECs - A European Energy Idea Meets a Turkish Wall](https://cop31tr.com/recs-a-european-energy-idea-meets-a-turkish-wall/) - The European Union has spent the last seven years turning Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) into a pillar of its clean energy transition. Türkiye, after briefly opening a path for similar models, has largely shut that path down. Across Europe, a quiet shift in the energy system is underway. Power is no longer imagined only as
- [Eftal Efeçınar](https://cop31tr.com/eftal-efecinar/) - Eftal Efecinar is a climate innovation and sustainability strategist working at the intersection of climate action, decarbonization, artificial intelligence, and international collaboration. With over 15 years of experience across Europe, Türkiye, and the GCC region, she focuses on accelerating the transition to low-carbon, climate-resilient economies by connecting technology, policy, finance, and implementation ecosystems. She is Co-Founder
- [Blended Finance's Broken Promise: Why the Money Never Arrives](https://cop31tr.com/blended-finances-broken-promise-why-the-money-never-arrives/) - In the first piece of this series, I argued that the global climate finance gap is not a technical problem — it is a political one. Rich countries have promised far less than what poorer countries actually need to deal with climate change, and the money that does exist rarely reaches the places that need
- [Blue Foods Could Be Africa’s Next Big Economic Bet](https://cop31tr.com/blue-foods-could-be-africas-next-big-economic-bet/) - Africa’s next food and jobs story may come less from its farms than from its waters. A World Economic Forum white paper published in January 2026, titled Investing in Blue Foods: Innovation and Partnerships for Impact, makes a compelling case for blue foods — fish, shellfish, seaweed and other aquatic foods — as one of
- [İpek Kurtoğlu Fırat](https://cop31tr.com/ipek-kurtoglu-firat/) - İpek Kurtoğlu Fırat is the Founder of Acacia Futures, a boutique advisory firm supporting companies, governments, and international initiatives in navigating the transition toward sustainable product systems and climate-aligned value chains. Her work focuses on translating complex sustainability regulations and environmental footprint methodologies into practical strategies for industry transformation. With over a decade of experience
- [Büşra Yoldaş](https://cop31tr.com/busra-yoldas/) - Büşra Yoldaş is an environmental engineer, entrepreneur, and researcher specializing in sustainability, ESG strategies, and corporate transformation. She is the founder of ETERNA Sustainability, where she provides consultancy and training in sustainability strategy development, ESG compliance, carbon and water footprint management, sustainability reporting, and corporate transformation. Through data-driven systems that measure and improve sustainability performance,
- [Didem Uygun](https://cop31tr.com/didem-uygun/) - Didem Uygun is a sustainability consultant and the Founder of DU Consultancy (DU Danışmanlık), with 15+ years of professional experience in sustainability strategy, ESG reporting, social risk management, and capacity building across the private sector, global supply chains, and public institutions. She has led and contributed to sustainability strategy development, double materiality–related assessments, ESG governance frameworks,
- [Belém’s Trillions, Antalya’s Transmission Problem](https://cop31tr.com/belems-trillions-antalyas-transmission-problem/) - The conclusion of COP30 in Belém has been framed as a moment of collective mobilization, reinforcing ambitions that now speak in trillions rather than billions. With the adoption of the new global climate finance framework targeting USD 1.3 trillion annually for developing countries by 2035, political commitment has matured. Targets are clearer. Volumes are larger. Yet
- [Tayfun Bahsi](https://cop31tr.com/tayfun-bahsi/) - Tayfun Bahsi works at the nexus of climate and nature finance, focusing on the financial structures required to mobilize capital for systemic transitions across land-use and manufacturing sectors. As founder of 17S, a transition finance advisory, he develops investment and financing models that connect ecological performance with credit and capital allocation frameworks. His work spans transition
- [CDR Brief Issue 2: Greenwashing or Necessity?](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-2-greenwashing-or-necessity/) - Comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements. Luthi, D., et al.. 2008; Etheridge, D.M., et al. 2010; Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record. Carbon. A silent, steady force, stitching together the fabric of life with her capacity to form a multitude of compounds.
- [Damla Korkmaz](https://cop31tr.com/damla-korkmaz/) - Damla Korkmaz is an Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) leader working at the intersection of industrial sustainability, safety leadership and climate action. With a background in Environmental Engineering, she focuses on translating sustainability strategies into practical and measurable impact within industrial operations.She began her career in textile, metal and consumer goods manufacturing sectors, gaining broad
- [The Clean Energy Pipeline is Advancing, Even as Funding Slows](https://cop31tr.com/the-clean-energy-pipeline-is-advancing-even-as-funding-slows/) - The world’s energy innovation engine did not stall in 2025. It changed direction. According to the International Energy Agency’s The State of Energy Innovation 2026, the center of gravity is shifting away from climate ambition alone and toward a harder trio of priorities: competitiveness, security and industrial advantage. That shift is now shaping what gets funded,
- [Geopolitical Green Finance: Where Capital Flows — and Where It Doesn't](https://cop31tr.com/geopolitical-green-finance-where-capital-flows-and-where-it-doesnt/) - When COP29 closed in Baku on 24 November 2024, a deal had been struck. The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) set a floor of $300 billion per year by 2035 from developed countries, within a broader ambition of $1.3 trillion annually. But India called the outcome "extremely disappointing." Nigeria called it an insult. Small island
- [Neyara Radwan](https://cop31tr.com/neyara-radwan/) - Dr. Eng Neyara Radwan is an Associate Professor in the Industrial Management Department at Liwa University in Abu Dhabi, UAE, and she also serves as an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University in Egypt. Over the course of more than 25 years in higher education and scientific
- [Yasin Kasırga](https://cop31tr.com/yasin-kasirga/) - Yasin is a seasoned energy executive with more than 20 years of technical and commercial experience in strategy, business development, execution, marketing and sales, with a strong track record of developing/selling/building more than 5 GW of gas plants and more than 6 GW Renewables (hydro, solar, geothermal and 25+ Wind Power Plants) within Europe, Middle
- [The Climate Borderlands: Navigating the Edge of Complexity and Chaos](https://cop31tr.com/the-climate-borderlands-navigating-the-edge-of-complexity-and-chaos/) - The history of the United Nations Climate Change Conferences is a story of profound human effort and systemic evolution. Over the last thirty years, thousands of dedicated individuals have worked to transform a narrow, technical negotiation into a deeply integrated, systems-wide understanding of our planet. We can see this evolution most clearly when we look
- [Sustainable Farming as Climate Insurance](https://cop31tr.com/sustainable-farming-as-climate-insurance/) - In a warming world, farming is no longer just about what the soil can grow. It is about what the climate will allow, what water will be available, and how quickly a farmer can adapt when weather stops behaving like history. The clearest warning comes from drought. A UN-backed assessment of drought hotspots since 2023
- [Feride Duygu Bahadır](https://cop31tr.com/feride-duygu-bahadir/) - Feride Duygu Bahadır is a senior quality systems professional with more than 18 years of cross-sector experience spanning renewable energy, automotive, advanced manufacturing, and electric industries. She has built a distinguished career leading the development and integration of robust management systems that enhance operational excellence, regulatory compliance, and sustainable performance. She represented Türkiye in the
- [Renewable Energy Auctions: From De-Risking to Smart Risk Sharing](https://cop31tr.com/renewable-energy-auctions-from-de-risking-to-smart-risk-sharing/) - Renewable energy auctions have become the dominant mechanism for procuring utility-scale renewable power worldwide. They are expected to drive nearly 60 percent of new renewable capacity additions between 2025 and 2030. In many emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), auctions have successfully delivered competitive tariffs and mobilized international investment. Yet beneath the headline prices lies
- [Dolunay Güçlüer Küpeli](https://cop31tr.com/dolunay-gucluer-kupeli/) - Dolunay Güçlüer Küpeli is a renewable energy professional with over 15 years of experience in wind and solar project development, feasibility assessment, and energy projects planning. Her background combines engineering, GIS-based spatial analysis, and market-oriented project development. She has worked with international investor-backed energy companies, including Borusan EnBW Energy, contributing to large-scale renewable energy projects,
- [From the Editor: February at a Glance, COP31 Türkiye Brief](https://cop31tr.com/from-the-editor-february-at-a-glance-cop31-turkiye-brief/) - Dear COP31 Türkiye Brief Community, February was the first full month in which the editorial rhythm of COP31 Türkiye Brief became fully visible. If January focused on building structure and defining purpose, February tested that structure against substance. Over the course of the month, the platform moved decisively from introduction to analysis, publishing a broad
- [From Targets to Transformation: How COP Evolved With Technology, Competitiveness and Complexity](https://cop31tr.com/from-targets-to-transformation-how-cop-evolved-with-technology-competitiveness-and-complexity/) - For more than three decades the annual United Nations Climate Change Conferences, known as COPs, have been the world’s premier stage for climate diplomacy. What began as negotiations on emissions targets and legal frameworks has shifted into a sprawling, multi-layered agenda that now incorporates technology, global competitiveness, finance, adaptation, equity and resilience. The depth and breadth
- [CDR Brief Issue 1: What is Carbon Dioxide Removal, and Why Do We Need It?](https://cop31tr.com/cdr-brief-issue-1-what-is-carbon-dioxide-removal-and-why-do-we-need-it/) - Welcome to the first issue of the CDR Brief series. The objective of this series is to ensure that by the time stakeholders meet at COP31 in Antalya, the dialogue is grounded in high-quality information and a shared understanding of carbon dioxide removal. We also aim to grow regional know-how steadily so that Türkiye and
- [Yusuf Turhan](https://cop31tr.com/yusuf-turhan/) - Yusuf completed his undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering at Yıldız Technical University and went on to earn an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from Texas A&M University. He later obtained a second master’s degree in Engineering and Technology Management from Boğaziçi University. He began his career at BOTAŞ, managing mechanical maintenance processes for natural-gas storage facilities in the
- [COP31 Türkiye Brief proudly presents the launch of "CDR Brief" and announces the upcoming "CDR Stage" Event Series! ](https://cop31tr.com/cop31-turkiye-brief-proudly-presents-the-launch-of-cdr-brief-and-announces-the-upcoming-cdr-stage-event-series/) - As we move toward COP31 in Antalya, we are pleased to start CDR Brief, a dedicated new section focused on Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). Co-curated by COP31 Türkiye Brief community members Pınar Öncel and Göker Avcı, this initiative is designed to bridge the significant knowledge gap within the climate community regarding removals. While CDR is
- [A Major U.S. Retrenchment Just Landed on the COP31 Runway](https://cop31tr.com/a-major-u-s-retrenchment-just-landed-on-the-cop31-runway/) - In early days of January 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump signed a proclamation directing the United States to withdraw from dozens of international bodies, specifically 35 non–United Nations (UN) groups and 31 UN entities, arguing they “operate contrary to U.S. national interests.” This piece looks at what that move could mean for COP31 (the 31st UN Climate Change Conference
- [COP29 | A Turning Point for Carbon Removal in Baku](https://cop31tr.com/cop29-a-turning-point-for-carbon-removal-in-baku/) - I traveled to Baku for COP29 with a very specific mission: to see the state of durable Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) within our global climate scene. I went to meet the pioneers, learn the challenges of the CDR start-ups, and see if the political will finally matches the scientific "must". As we look toward the horizon of
- [Carbon Removal and COP31: A Türkiye Agenda for 2026](https://cop31tr.com/carbon-removal-and-cop31-a-turkiye-agenda-for-2026/) - Carbon removal is the deliberate removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere and its storage for climate-relevant timeframes. In practice, it means one measurable tonne of atmospheric CO₂ is taken out of circulation and stored in a reservoir that is expected to retain it, with quantified uncertainty and reversal risk management. The European Commission frames
- [The Circular Economy’s Real Test: Can Policy Keep Value in Play?](https://cop31tr.com/the-circular-economys-real-test-can-policy-keep-value-in-play/) - The global economy now consumes roughly 100 billion tonnes of resources each year, three quarters of them non-renewable. If trends continue, extraction could rise by 150% by 2060, intensifying climate risks, pollution and biodiversity loss. The challenge is not simply environmental. It is structural. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s latest policy brief argues that governments must move beyond
- [Nida Qafisheh](https://cop31tr.com/nida-qafisheh/) - Dr. Nida Qafisheh is an Environmental Scientist and Sustainability Expert with a career spanning both academia and industry. Her work focuses on the intersection of climate change vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience as drivers for sustainable development. Currently, Dr. Qafisheh works as an Assistant Professor of Environmental Science & Sustainability at Zayed University. Previously, she worked
- [Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Sustainable Finance: Between Promise and Proof](https://cop31tr.com/artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-sustainable-finance-between-promise-and-proof/) - Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming financial services. In sustainable finance, however, its adoption remains cautious, compliance-driven and structurally constrained. Swiss Sustainable Finance reports that only a minority of banks, asset managers and asset owners have deployed AI-supported tools in production. Of those institutions, just 18 percent are using AI specifically for sustainable finance applications. Despite growing experimentation,
- [Samet Meriçli](https://cop31tr.com/samet-mericli/) - Samet Meriçli is a senior sustainability and ESG professional with nearly 15 years of experience across leading industrial organizations in Türkiye, particularly within the energy sector. His expertise covers corporate sustainability, ESG governance, reporting standards, climate action, corporate social responsibility (CSR), social impact management, gender equality, and communication-driven initiatives. His work focuses on embedding sustainability
- [What is Taxonomy ?](https://cop31tr.com/what-is-taxonomy/) - In the world of sustainability and climate finance one concept has quietly become central to how investors and companies think about environmental impact. The word is taxonomy. It sounds technical at first but it is fundamentally about making sense of what counts as truly sustainable in a way that can be measured and trusted. In sustainability
- [Güler Koçak](https://cop31tr.com/guler-kocak/) - Dr. Guler Kocak is a clean energy innovator, climate tech advocate, and space entrepreneur, and the Founder and CEO of SPACELIS Space Technologies. She pioneers next generation photovoltaic technologies, especially perovskite and organic PV, to deliver ultra lightweight, flexible, high performance solar solutions for both space grade applications and climate resilient energy systems on Earth.
- [Europe’s Battery Boom, and the Grid’s Next Bottleneck](https://cop31tr.com/europes-battery-boom-and-the-grids-next-bottleneck/) - Europe’s clean energy transition has entered a new phase, and it is increasingly powered not just by solar panels and wind turbines, but by batteries. According to SolarPower Europe’s EU Battery Storage Market Review 2025, published in January 2026, the European Union installed 27.1 GWh of new battery storage capacity in 2025, marking its 12th consecutive record-breaking year.
- [Sultan Turut Balioğlu](https://cop31tr.com/sultan-turut-balioglu/) - Sultan Turut Balioğlu is an energy expert focusing on industrial decarbonisation and electrification. She is the founder of Atlas Noya Energy Investments Inc., where she leads "Carbon-End Project," a venture-backed initiative aiming to transition industrial sectors to renewable electricity. In this role, she develops data-driven decision support platforms that integrate energy modelling with renewable supply,
- [The Green Transition in an AI Economy](https://cop31tr.com/the-green-transition-in-an-ai-economy/) - The future of work is often framed as a technology story. The World Economic Forum’s January 2026 white paper, Four Futures for Jobs in the New Economy: AI and Talent in 2030, makes clear that it is also an energy and climate story. Global macrotrends including technological change and the green transition are projected to create
- [Çiğdem Dilek](https://cop31tr.com/cigdem-dilek/) - Attorney Çiğdem Dilek graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Law. She received education in European Union Law at the London School of Economics in London and completed her Master’s degree in Economic Law at Başkent University. She continues her practice primarily in energy and environmental law, as well as corporate law, capital markets and banking-finance
- [Adem Özdemir](https://cop31tr.com/adem-ozdemir/) - Adem Özdemir is a sustainability and energy management executive with over 17 years of professional experience in engineering, project management, sustainability and strategic advisory roles. Throughout his career, he has supported the private sector’s green transition by providing integrated technical and managerial guidance aligned with climate and energy policies.As of 2026, he serves as Managing
- [Why the Digital Product Passport Could Remake Global Commerce](https://cop31tr.com/why-the-digital-product-passport-could-remake-global-commerce/) - Imagine every product carrying its own digital identity, a record not just of what it is but where it came from, what it contains, how it was made and how it can be reused or recycled. That is the ambition behind the Digital Product Passport, a central pillar of the European Union’s Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation,
- [From Green Hype to Hard Infrastructure](https://cop31tr.com/from-green-hype-to-hard-infrastructure/) - Cleantech is entering a more disciplined phase. The 2026 edition of the Global Cleantech 100 Trend Watch, published by Cleantech Group in its 17th year, suggests that the sector is no longer defined by broad optimism alone. It is being shaped by competition, capital constraints and a narrowing set of technologies that can withstand economic and
- [Mehmet Çakmak](https://cop31tr.com/mehmet-cakmak/) - Mehmet Çakmak is a sustainability and green finance professional working at the intersection of climate tech, green fintech, and financial systems transformation. With over a decade of experience in ESG strategy, climate risk integration, and regulatory alignment, he focuses on embedding climate considerations into financial architecture and capital allocation. His work centers on building technology-enabled
- [ASEAN’s Power Surge and the Climate Clock](https://cop31tr.com/aseans-power-surge-and-the-climate-clock/) - Southeast Asia’s electricity demand is rising at extraordinary speed. Over the past two decades, power consumption across the Association of Southeast Asian Nations has tripled. In several countries, annual generation has grown by more than 5 percent since 2000, and in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam it has exceeded 10 percent per year. Economic growth,
- [Gül Topal](https://cop31tr.com/gul-topal/) - Gül Topal is a commercial operations and carbon manager focusing on renewable energy and carbon markets. She plays an active role in solar power plants (SPPs), offsetting processes and carbon projects, ensuring that the energy transition progresses in line with business models and climate targets. From a commercial operations perspective, she contributes to the financial
- [Designing Transport for Everyone: Gender Inclusive Mobility](https://cop31tr.com/designing-transport-for-everyone-gender-inclusive-mobility/) - Cities like to think of transportation as neutral infrastructure. It is not. Mobility determines who can get to work, to school, to a hospital, to a park. When movement is constrained, so is opportunity. The Toolkit for Gender Inclusive Mobility Planning recently published by Cities Forum makes a simple but disruptive point: most urban transport
- [Taner Ercömert](https://cop31tr.com/taner-ercomert/) - Taner Ercömert is a senior executive and renewable energy professional with over 40 years of experience in the energy sector, with a strong focus on hydropower plants design-tender-project-contract managements, project implemention, plant operation and electricity sales & trading. He is considered to be the Doyen of the Energy Sector in Türkiye. He currently serves as
- [The Grid’s Next Great Test: Powering the Age of Electricity](https://cop31tr.com/the-grids-next-great-test-powering-the-age-of-electricity/) - The world is entering a defining new era, one in which electricity is no longer simply a service in the background but the central engine of economic growth. In its February 2026 flagship outlook, Electricity 2026, the International Energy Agency says the Age of Electricity has arrived, and with it comes a challenge that may
- [Imen Ben Salem](https://cop31tr.com/imen-ben-salem/) - Dr. Imen Ben Salem is an Associate Professor in the Department of Natural Sciences and Sustainability at Zayed University. Her multidisciplinary research spans carbon capture and sequestration, clean-energy technologies, CFD modeling, optical diagnostics, and remote sensing with applications in both Earth and planetary sciences. Her work directly supports several UN Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG
- [What is NEB (New European Bauhaus) ?](https://cop31tr.com/what-is-neb-new-european-bauhaus/) - Climate policy is often written in the language of urgency: emissions targets, carbon budgets, energy transitions measured in gigawatts and deadlines. But the European Union’s New European Bauhaus (NEB) initiative suggests something radical in its simplicity: the green transition will only succeed if it also feels human. Launched in 2020 as part of the European Green Deal, NEB
- [Pınar Öncel](https://cop31tr.com/pinar-oncel/) - Pınar is a sustainability consultant, entrepreneur, and co-founder of ClaimCarbon, a platform dedicated to accelerating carbon dioxide removal (CDR) through innovative partnerships, project development, and pre-finance solutions. With over 15 years of experience driving systemic change, she has worked as a creative facilitator and consultant, empowering organizations and communities to pursue regenerative futures. She co-founded
- [Atilla Yücel](https://cop31tr.com/atilla-yucel/) - Atilla is Programme Manager for Carbon Removal Financing at the Negative Emissions Platform, working at the intersection of policy and investment to scale high-integrity carbon credits from durable carbon removal. He brings over 15 years of experience in sustainable and climate finance, including roles at GIZ and Trinomics, supporting technology deployment and innovation across Europe, Africa,
- [Oğuz Tosun](https://cop31tr.com/oguz-tosun/) - Oğuz has been active in the carbon pricing space since 2016 and involved in several c-suite carbon consulting bodies under key responsibilities and professional interactions with international bodies such as UNDP, GIZ and World Bank back then. He has contributed to the development of over 200 carbon offset projects across multiple standards, including Gold Standard,
- [Güven Fidan](https://cop31tr.com/guven-fidan/) - Güven Fidan is an engineer, climate-risk analyst, and entrepreneur specializing in climate data analytics and the assessment of physical climate risks for assets and portfolios. He is the Founder of Alkazar, an engineering and climate-risk analytics company supporting banks, insurers, investors, and infrastructure owners across Türkiye and Europe. His work focuses on translating historical climate
- [The Hidden Cost of Energy Subsidies](https://cop31tr.com/the-hidden-cost-of-energy-subsidies/) - Why Subsidy Reform Is Less About Prices Than About Time, Trust, and Adaptation Energy subsidies are often defended as protection: a buffer against inflation, a safeguard for households, a political necessity. But new evidence from the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) suggests that subsidized energy prices may also create something else: delay.
- [What EYODER’s 15th Anniversary Workshop Reveals About Türkiye’s Efficiency Gap](https://cop31tr.com/what-eyoders-15th-anniversary-workshop-reveals-about-turkiyes-efficiency-gap/) - Energy efficiency has long been recognized as one of Türkiye’s most cost-effective tools for reducing energy imports and emissions. Yet despite supportive policies and public incentives, the market has struggled to scale. The EYODER 15th Anniversary Workshop, held on 9 January 2026 with broad participation from public authorities, industry, finance, academia, and civil society, offers a
- [Alper Kalaycı](https://cop31tr.com/alper-kalayci/) - Alper Kalaycı is a senior executive and clean energy professional with over 27 years of experience in the renewable energy sector, with a strong focus on wind energy manufacturing, industrial localization, and supply chain development in Türkiye. He currently serves as Localization & Supply Chain Manager at Goldwind Türkiye, where he leads localization strategy, supplier development, and
- [Central Asia’s Energy Future Is Regional](https://cop31tr.com/central-asias-energy-future-is-regional/) - For much of its post-Soviet history, Central Asia has treated energy security as a national project. Power plants were built to serve domestic demand. Grids stopped at borders. Self-sufficiency was equated with resilience. New modelling suggests that this logic is becoming increasingly expensive, and increasingly outdated. A series of energy system simulations conducted by the Stockholm
- [Ufuk Alparslan](https://cop31tr.com/ufuk-alparslan/) - Ufuk Alparslan is an energy expert working in the clean energy field. He serves as Regional Lead for Türkiye and the Caucasus at EMBER, a global energy think tank focused on accelerating the clean energy transition through data-driven analysis and policy research. In this role, he leads EMBER’s work on energy policy in the region
- [The Demand-Side Strategy Europe Can’t Afford to Ignore](https://cop31tr.com/the-demand-side-strategy-europe-cant-afford-to-ignore/) - Why Europe’s Energy Transition Will Be Won on the Demand Side Europe’s energy debate is still dominated by supply: how many gigawatts of renewables to build, how fast grids can expand, how much storage is needed to balance variability. These questions matter. But they obscure a quieter truth hiding in plain sight: the most reliable, affordable,
- [From the Editor: January at a Glance, COP31 Türkiye Brief](https://cop31tr.com/from-the-editor-january-at-a-glance-cop31-turkiye-brief/) - Dear COP31 Türkiye Brief Community, Almost without noticing, we have already moved past the first month of the year. January, often associated with intention rather than momentum, marked the quiet beginning of COP31 Türkiye Brief, not through announcements or declarations, but through the deliberate work of shaping an editorial platform and a community intended to
- [Ömer Özkan](https://cop31tr.com/omer-ozkan/) - Dr. Ömer Özkan is a senior quality systems and lean management professional with over 20 years of experience across the energy, oil & gas, automotive, manufacturing, and services sectors. His work focuses on leveraging innovation-driven quality and sustainability practices, together with circular economy and continuous improvement, to strengthen organizational resilience and long-term value creation. He
- [Ece Sürücü Duman](https://cop31tr.com/ece-surucu-duman/) - Ece Sürücü Duman is a strategy and ESG professional working at the intersection of energy transition, battery ecosystems, and the real-economy transition. With 13+ years of experience across corporate strategy, sustainability programs, and international ESG regulations and standards, she supports executives and boards with roadmaps, regulatory alignment, and value-creation initiatives in clean energy and mobility—particularly
- [China’s 2025 Renewable Build-Out Redefines the Global Energy Trajectory](https://cop31tr.com/chinas-2025-renewable-build-out-redefines-the-global-energy-trajectory/) - In 2025, China delivered a historic expansion of green power infrastructure that will shape global energy and climate discussions in advance of COP31. According to official statistics from China’s National Energy Administration released in January 2026, China added 315 GW of solar capacity and 119 GW of wind capacity in 2025 — both annual records. These additions were part
- [A Trillion-Dollar Transition, Slowing but Unstoppable](https://cop31tr.com/a-trillion-dollar-transition-slowing-but-unstoppable/) - Global investment in the energy transition reached $2.3 trillion in 2025, the highest level on record, according to BloombergNEF’s Energy Transition Investment Trends 2026. Spending rose 8% year on year, defying trade disruptions, geopolitical tension, and uneven policy signals across major economies. The headline figure tells a story of resilience. The subtext, however, is more complex. Growth in
- [From Concrete to Climate: Rethinking Türkiye’s Public Buildings](https://cop31tr.com/from-concrete-to-climate-rethinking-turkiyes-public-buildings/) - Over the past twenty years, Türkiye’s economy has expanded at a remarkable pace. Rapid urbanization, demographic growth, and rising household incomes have reshaped how energy is consumed, making Türkiye one of the fastest-growing energy markets in the OECD. Electricity and heating demand have surged alongside an expanding building stock, putting increasing pressure on national energy
- [Sedef Budak](https://cop31tr.com/sedef-budak/) - Sedef Budak is a renewable energy expert, C-suite executive, and entrepreneur with 25 years of professional experience, including 18 years in the renewable energy sector. She is widely recognised for her leadership in driving Türkiye’s energy transition, advancing gender equality, and building cross-border collaborations in the clean energy industry. She is the Founder of pioneering
- [What is SUMP ?](https://cop31tr.com/what-is-sump/) - A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is a city’s long-term strategy for moving people and goods in a way that improves daily life while cutting congestion, pollution, and climate impact. The European Commission defines a SUMP as a strategic plan designed to satisfy the mobility needs of people and businesses in cities and their surroundings
- [Davos Reopens the Energy Argument](https://cop31tr.com/davos-reopens-the-energy-argument/) - DAVOS, 2026. The world’s energy debate no longer sounds like a single conversation. It sounds like two competing scripts being read at the same time, in the same room, under the same bright lights. On one side is the clean-energy argument, framed not as aspiration but as strategy. Ursula von der Leyen, the president of
- [The Arctic, Up Close](https://cop31tr.com/the-arctic-up-close/) - I’m in Rovaniemi (Finland), and visiting Arktikum makes the Arctic feel less like a distant concept and more like a place under visible pressure. One of the museum’s exhibits is titled simply: “Sea ice shrinks”. It sounds almost minimal, but it captures a planetary-scale shift. Sea ice is not just frozen water sitting at the top of the world. It
- [MaaS: The App That Could Replace Your Car](https://cop31tr.com/maas-the-app-that-could-replace-your-car/) - On a wet weekday morning, the modern commuter runs a small digital routine: a transit app for trains, another for buses, a third for a shared bike, and a ride-hailing option waiting in case everything falls apart. Cities have spent decades building roads, rails, and stations. Yet for many people, daily travel still feels like
- [What is 15-Minute City Concept?](https://cop31tr.com/what-is-15-minute-city-concept/) - The 15-minute city is, at heart, a modest promise: that daily life should not require a long commute. In a 15-minute city, most essentials like work, school, groceries, parks, and healthcare sit within a short walk or bike ride from home. The point is not to restrict movement, but to reduce forced travel, the kind
- [When Climate Risk Stays No.1, But Attention Starts to Drift](https://cop31tr.com/when-climate-risk-stays-no-1-but-attention-starts-to-drift/) - The World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report is often read as a barometer of collective concern: a snapshot of rising pressures, and the risks institutions are gearing up to manage. In that sense, the annual ranking is less a forecast than a signal about political focus, public priorities, and institutional bandwidth. Read side by side,
- [2025: A Year Defined by Heat](https://cop31tr.com/2025-a-year-defined-by-heat/) - The Global Climate Highlights 2025 report is out, and it confirms what much of the world has already felt: heat is no longer an episode. It is a defining condition. New figures from the Copernicus Climate Change Service show that 2025 was the third warmest year on record, only 0.01°C cooler than 2023 and 0.13°C cooler than 2024, the hottest year
- [Pathways to a Successful Climate Summit - COP31 - in Antalya](https://cop31tr.com/pathways-to-a-successful-climate-summit-cop31-in-antalya/) - While the world gears up to watch COP31, the 31st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, to be held at Antalya, Türkiye, from November 9-20, 2026, this article outlines what needs to be achieved. With COP31 being led by Türkiye at such a critical COP, the initiative aims to overcome the world's differences and ensure that
- [When Streets Become Climate Solutions: The Woonerf](https://cop31tr.com/when-streets-become-climate-solutions-the-woonerf/) - For decades, urban mobility has been measured by speed, capacity, and flow. Streets were engineered to move vehicles efficiently, often at the expense of safety, social life, and environmental quality. Yet as cities confront the realities of climate change, air pollution, and livability, a quieter shift is reshaping how streets are understood and used. One
- [The Gender Gap Powering Down the Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/the-gender-gap-powering-down-the-energy-transition/) - The global shift toward renewable energy is often framed as a technological and economic transformation. Yet, as the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) makes clear in its 2025 Renewable Energy: A Gender Perspective report, it is equally a social one. The energy transition will not succeed at the scale or speed required if half of
- [From NDCs to SDCs: How Cities Are Closing the Climate Gap](https://cop31tr.com/from-ndcs-to-sdcs-how-cities-are-closing-the-climate-gap/) - For decades, global climate action has been framed through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the commitments countries submit under the Paris Agreement. These pledges remain the backbone of international climate governance. Yet as the gap between national ambition and on-the-ground delivery persists, a quieter but increasingly consequential shift is underway. Cities are stepping forward with their own
- [What’s Holding Back Long-Term Renewable PPAs in Türkiye?](https://cop31tr.com/whats-holding-back-long-term-renewable-ppas-in-turkiye/) - Long-term renewable Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) have moved to the center of Europe’s electricity market reforms. Designed to shield consumers and companies from price volatility while accelerating clean energy investment, they are now seen as structural tools rather than niche instruments. In Türkiye, however, long-term PPAs remain limited. This is not due to a lack
- [COP31 | A New Climate Year Begins With COP31 in Türkiye](https://cop31tr.com/cop31-a-new-climate-year-begins-with-cop31-in-turkiye/) - As 2026 begins, the global climate calendar is already taking shape around a defining milestone. Following its agreement with Australia, Türkiye will host COP31 in Antalya, placing the country at the center of international climate diplomacy as attention transitions from pledges to delivery. Under the arrangement reached at COP30 in Belém, Türkiye will serve as the official host
- [COP30 | From Pledges to Proof in the Climate Decade](https://cop31tr.com/cop30-from-pledges-to-proof-in-the-climate-decade/) - When COP30 concluded in Belém, Brazil, on November 12, 2025, the conference closed not with a sense of triumph, but with a clearer understanding of where the global climate effort now stands. Hosted at the edge of the Amazon, a region emblematic of both planetary resilience and vulnerability, the summit underscored a defining reality of
- [meetMED Finance Navigator](https://cop31tr.com/meetmed-finance-navigator/) - The meetMED Finance Navigator is both a web-based tool and accompanying funding guide, developed under the EU-funded meetMED project and implemented by MEDENER in partnership with the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE). The report explains both the conceptual framework and the practical content behind the Finance Navigator, which aims to support the development
- [The Missing Pieces for Long-Term Renewable PPAs in Türkiye](https://cop31tr.com/the-missing-pieces-for-long-term-renewable-ppas-in-turkiye/) - The European Union’s long-planned transition to clean technologies and relative stability in electricity prices — developed over more than 20 years — was disrupted in the winter of 2021. Low wind power generation, increased electricity demand for heating due to cold weather conditions, and Russia’s reduction of natural gas supply caused electricity prices to rise
- [Aruzhan Mominbayeva](https://cop31tr.com/aruzhan-mominbayeva/) - Aruzhan is a renewable energy professional and climate advocate from Kazakhstan, dedicated from an early age to combating climate change in one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable regions. She has led the development and management of multiple solar power plants and brings deep expertise in wind measurement research. In 2021, she founded InTech-Forecast, the first
- [The Hidden Climate Infrastructure: A Systems View from Türkiye’s Construction Sector](https://cop31tr.com/the-hidden-climate-infrastructure-a-systems-view-from-turkiyes-construction-sector/) - At the start of almost every green building project, a detailed sustainability assessment is carried out. Energy use, water demand, site conditions, material choices, operational scenarios… All are quantified, tested, and refined as the project moves from concept to construction. Yet one thing keeps coming up. In construction, where decisions move fast and problems get
- [Selçuk Yerci](https://cop31tr.com/selcuk-yerci/) - Dr. Selçuk Yerci is an Associate Professor at Middle East Technical University (METU) and the Chairperson of the Board at the Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (ODTÜ-GÜNAM), where he leads efforts to advance solar energy technology. Having earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Physics from METU and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering
- [Serhat Aydın](https://cop31tr.com/serhat-aydin/) - Serhat Aydın is a transactional lawyer and boardroom negotiator with deep expertise in structuring complex projects across the energy, construction, and infrastructure sectors. As the Managing Partner at Aydın Law – Catalysys for Sustainability, he advises domestic and international clients on high-value commercial transactions involving project development, corporate structuring, and multi-jurisdictional investment models. He also serves as an independent board member,
- [Reyhan Nergis Öner](https://cop31tr.com/reyhan-nergis-oner/) - Reyhan Nergis Öner is a sustainability and renewable energy professional with over 10 years of experience in renewable energy project development, ESG strategy, carbon markets and funded projects. She leads sustainability strategy initiatives focused on net-zero pathways, Scope 3 emissions reduction, stakeholder engagement, and ESG integration, and has strong expertise in wind energy project development,
- [Berker Bayazıt](https://cop31tr.com/berker-bayazit/) - Berker Bayazıt is a renewable energy and energy storage specialist with experience in large-scale solar, battery storage, hybrid systems, and electric mobility projects across Türkiye Europe, Central Asia, and Africa. He is Co-Founder and Managing Director of Dexren Energy Solutions, where he works on energy investments and decarbonization strategies, project development, and technical and financial
- [Ayşe Gizem Taş](https://cop31tr.com/ayse-gizem-tas/) - Ayşe Gizem Taş is an architect, LEED Accredited Professional, and sustainability consultant at Altensis, with a strong green building background and nearly a decade of experience, having contributed to 40+ building projects across Europe and the Middle East. Her work spans green building frameworks, life cycle assessments, and implementation strategies that connect on-the-ground project data with
- [Başar Yılmaz](https://cop31tr.com/basar-yilmaz/) - Başar Yılmaz serves as Deputy General Manager at Chint Green Energy Türkiye. He graduated from Ankara University, Faculty of Political Sciences in 2006 and began his professional career at Garanti Bank as a Management Trainee (MT). Following his experience in the banking sector between June 2007 and November 2009, he joined DenizBank in July 2010,
- [Rola Nasreddine](https://cop31tr.com/rola-nasreddine/) - Rola Nasreddine serves as Executive Director at Springs Global Consultancy, based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. She is a results-driven executive with over 25 years of leadership in sustainability, climate change, energy, and global partnerships. She has led high-impact initiatives across regions, shaping strategies that connect policy, finance, and implementation. Her work is grounded in long-term planning,
- [Zafar Said ](https://cop31tr.com/zafar-said/) - Dr. Zafar Said is a Distinguished Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at United Arab Emirates University (UAEU). He is an internationally recognized expert in renewable energy systems, solar energy technologies, energy storage, and AI-driven optimization, with research aligned to climate mitigation, sustainable development, and the energy transition. His work supports
- [Heba Mohamed Emam](https://cop31tr.com/heba-mohamed-emam/) - Dr. Heba Mohamed Emam is an environmental expert and sustainability consultant with over 20 years of experience in environmental consulting and corporate sustainability. She serves as Environmental Manager at Abu Dhabi Precast (Ascorp Holding), UAE, and holds the UAE Golden Residency in recognition of her contributions to environmental media and women’s empowerment. She is the
- [Beyond the Negotiating Table at COP31 - Why Community Will Matter](https://cop31tr.com/beyond-the-negotiating-table-at-cop31-why-community-will-matter/) - Climate change is no longer a subject of interpretation or political preference. It is a scientific reality, established through decades of research, observation, and international assessment. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, water stress, biodiversity loss, and systemic economic risks are not projections alone. They are unfolding in real time. For decades, global institutions have played
- [Atiq Zaman](https://cop31tr.com/atiq-zaman/) - Associate Professor, Curtin University and Founding Director of the Global South NexusDr Atiq Zaman is an internationally renowned expert in zero waste and circular economy practices and the Founding Co-Director of the Global South Nexus (GSN). He is a member of the UN Council of Engineers for the Energy Transition (CEET). Dr Zaman has published over 80 peer-reviewed outputs, including authored and edited books, journal articles, and
- [Aynur Baharova/Mahmudova](https://cop31tr.com/aynur-baharova-mahmudova/) - Aynur Mahmudova is a Chartered Energy Engineer with over a decade of experience leading ship electrical installation, upgrade, and maintenance projects. Currently serving as a Technical Manager at Saipem, she brings deep expertise in power systems, automation, and renewable energy technologies, with a research focus on hybrid microgrids. Aynur has presented her work internationally and
- [Rahaf Ajaj](https://cop31tr.com/rahaf-ajaj/) - Rahaf Ajaj, PhD, CSci, SFHEA. is a distinguished academic and innovator in Environmental Health and Safety with over 20 years of experience. As an Associate Professor, she has a proven track record of leadership. Her research has had a significant impact, with an H-index of 19, over 1200 citations, and more than 40 publications. Dr.
- [Arif Künar](https://cop31tr.com/arif-kunar/) - Arif Künar has over 30 years of experience in public and private sector projects focused on energy efficiency, energy transition, renewable energy, ESCO/EPC models, and green buildings. In recent years, he has also served as an expert on numerous international projects related to green and digital transformation and sustainability, supported and initiated by organizations such as
- [Göker Avcı](https://cop31tr.com/goker-avci/) - Göker Avcı is a decarbonization strategist and carbon markets expert helping companies turn climate targets into financially meaningful action. He advises corporates on science-based decarbonization roadmaps, high-integrity carbon credit use, and the integration of engineered carbon removal into net-zero strategies. He co-authored the world’s first methodology-agnostic forward-crediting standard for engineered CDR and has been involved
- [What is LCOE ?](https://cop31tr.com/what-is-lcoe/) - Few terms appear as often in discussions about energy transition as LCOE. Short for Levelized Cost of Energy, it is widely used by policymakers, investors, and analysts to compare the cost of producing electricity across different energy technologies. At its core, LCOE answers a simple question: What is the average cost of generating one unit of electricity
- [What Green Finance Really Means, and Why It Matters Now](https://cop31tr.com/what-green-finance-really-means-and-why-it-matters-now/) - The concepts of environment, nature, and finance have long been part of public discourse. What is relatively new is the way finance and environmental responsibility have converged into a single framework over the past decade. This convergence has given rise to what is now widely known as green finance, a term that has moved rapidly
- [Seyran Hatipoğlu](https://cop31tr.com/seyran-hatipoglu/) - Seyran Hatipoğlu is a senior sustainable finance expert with over 20 years of experience in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and climate-related finance. She has worked extensively with international financial institutions, development programs, and SMEs, focusing on access to finance, capacity building, and the implementation of clean energy investments. She has held senior advisory roles under
- [Selen İnal](https://cop31tr.com/selen-inal/) - Selen İnal is a Green Transition Consultant with over 23 years of experience in the energy sector, including six focused on green projects and sustainable investments across multiple sectors. She is the Founder of EcoMuse Consulting, a member of the UN Council of Engineers for the Energy Transition (CEET), Türkiye Country Advisor for InnoEnergy, and
- [COP29 | Azerbaijan’s Garadagh Solar Plant Signals a Shift in the Country’s Energy Story](https://cop31tr.com/cop29-azerbaijans-garadagh-solar-plant-signals-a-shift-in-the-countrys-energy-story/) - Garadagh, Azerbaijan — On the open plains south of Baku, rows of solar panels extend across the landscape in precise alignment, their steel frames rising from dry ground under a muted, overcast sky. The Garadagh Solar Power Plant, now fully operational, is the largest solar facility in the region — and a visible marker of

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- [Voices](https://cop31tr.com/category/voices/) - Perspectives and analysis from across the climate community, including professionals, experts, and practitioners following COP31.
- [Explainers](https://cop31tr.com/category/explainers/) - Background pieces that clarify the issues, terms, and stakes shaping the COP31 agenda and discussions.
- [Community](https://cop31tr.com/category/community/) - Community reflects a collective space where experts from diverse disciplines bring together ideas, analysis, and perspectives on climate and energy transition, fostering new intersections and insights not previously explored.
- [Reports](https://cop31tr.com/category/reports/)
- [CDR Brief](https://cop31tr.com/category/brief/cdrbrief/) - CDR Brief is a dedicated editorial series that tracks Carbon Dioxide Removal from fundamentals to deployment, with a clear focus on integrity, real-world constraints, and practical next steps. The aim is to strengthen regional understanding of CDR and support better decisions across policy, finance, corporate strategy, and innovation ahead of COP31 in Antalya in November 2026. Curated by our community members Pınar Öncel and Göker Avcı.
- [Announcements](https://cop31tr.com/category/announcements/)
- [Solarbaba](https://cop31tr.com/category/solarbaba/) - Visionary technology insights, curated by Solarbaba.

## Tags

- [Finance](https://cop31tr.com/tag/finance/)
- [Solar Energy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/solar-energy/)
- [COP29](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cop29/)
- [Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-transition/)
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- [Nationally Determined Contributions](https://cop31tr.com/tag/nationally-determined-contributions/)
- [NDCs](https://cop31tr.com/tag/ndcs/)
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- [Extreme Heat](https://cop31tr.com/tag/extreme-heat/)
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- [Copernicus Climate Service ](https://cop31tr.com/tag/copernicus-climate-service/)
- [1.5°C Threshold ](https://cop31tr.com/tag/1-5c-threshold/)
- [Global Climate Highlights 2025](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-climate-highlights-2025/)
- [Climate Risk & Resilience](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-risk-resilience/)
- [AI in Energy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/ai-in-energy/)
- [Climate Mitigation](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-mitigation/)
- [Energy Storage](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-storage/)
- [Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/)
- [Global Risks Report](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-risks-report/)
- [Extreme Weather](https://cop31tr.com/tag/extreme-weather/)
- [Geopolitical Risk](https://cop31tr.com/tag/geopolitical-risk/)
- [Misinformation](https://cop31tr.com/tag/misinformation/)
- [Project Finance](https://cop31tr.com/tag/project-finance/)
- [Global Partnerships](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-partnerships/)
- [Climate Strategy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-strategy/)
- [Energy Strategy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-strategy/)
- [Stakeholder Engagement](https://cop31tr.com/tag/stakeholder-engagement/)
- [High-impact initiatives](https://cop31tr.com/tag/high-impact-initiatives/)
- [Green Buildings](https://cop31tr.com/tag/green-buildings/)
- [LEED](https://cop31tr.com/tag/leed/)
- [Sustainability Consulting](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainability-consulting/)
- [Life Cycle Assessment](https://cop31tr.com/tag/life-cycle-assessment/)
- [LCA](https://cop31tr.com/tag/lca/)
- [Climate Education](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-education/)
- [Women Leadership](https://cop31tr.com/tag/women-leadership/)
- [15-Minute City](https://cop31tr.com/tag/15-minute-city/)
- [Walkable Neighbourhood](https://cop31tr.com/tag/walkable-neighbourhood/)
- [Cycling Infrastructure](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cycling-infrastructure/)
- [Living Locally](https://cop31tr.com/tag/living-locally/)
- [Superblocks](https://cop31tr.com/tag/superblocks/)
- [Street Reclaiming](https://cop31tr.com/tag/street-reclaiming/)
- [Reducing Car Dependency](https://cop31tr.com/tag/reducing-car-dependency/)
- [Smart Mobility](https://cop31tr.com/tag/smart-mobility/)
- [Sustainable Transport](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainable-transport/)
- [Mobility as a Service (MaaS)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/mobility-as-a-service-maas/)
- [Sea Ice Loss](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sea-ice-loss/)
- [Arctic Climate Change](https://cop31tr.com/tag/arctic-climate-change/)
- [Climate Science](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-science/)
- [Arktikum Museum](https://cop31tr.com/tag/arktikum-museum/)
- [Rovaniemi](https://cop31tr.com/tag/rovaniemi/)
- [Renewable Energy & Storage](https://cop31tr.com/tag/renewable-energy-storage/)
- [EPC and EPC-F Project Delivery](https://cop31tr.com/tag/epc-and-epc-f-project-delivery/)
- [Hybrid Energy Systems](https://cop31tr.com/tag/hybrid-energy-systems/)
- [Energy Investments and Decarbonization](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-investments-and-decarbonization/)
- [Utility-Scale Solar and BESS](https://cop31tr.com/tag/utility-scale-solar-and-bess/)
- [Technical and Financial Advisory](https://cop31tr.com/tag/technical-and-financial-advisory/)
- [Energy Transition Debate](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-transition-debate/)
- [Climate Politics and Policy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-politics-and-policy/)
- [Clean Energy Competitiveness](https://cop31tr.com/tag/clean-energy-competitiveness/)
- [Global Energy Security](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-energy-security/)
- [Renewables vs Fossil Fuels](https://cop31tr.com/tag/renewables-vs-fossil-fuels/)
- [Davos 2026 Insights](https://cop31tr.com/tag/davos-2026-insights/)
- [ESG](https://cop31tr.com/tag/esg/)
- [Sustainability Strategy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainability-strategy/)
- [Net-Zero](https://cop31tr.com/tag/net-zero-2/)
- [Renewable Energy Project Development](https://cop31tr.com/tag/renewable-energy-project-development/)
- [Scope 3 Pathways](https://cop31tr.com/tag/scope-3-pathways/)
- [Cross-Border Transactions](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cross-border-transactions/)
- [Project Finance & Investments](https://cop31tr.com/tag/project-finance-investments/)
- [Transactional Law](https://cop31tr.com/tag/transactional-law/)
- [Renewable Energy Infrastructure](https://cop31tr.com/tag/renewable-energy-infrastructure/)
- [EPC & Contract Negotiation](https://cop31tr.com/tag/epc-contract-negotiation/)
- [Corporate Structuring & M&A](https://cop31tr.com/tag/corporate-structuring-ma/)
- [Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainable-urban-mobility-plan-sump/)
- [Public Transport and Accessibility](https://cop31tr.com/tag/public-transport-and-accessibility/)
- [Smart and Integrated Mobility](https://cop31tr.com/tag/smart-and-integrated-mobility/)
- [Walking and Cycling Infrastructure](https://cop31tr.com/tag/walking-and-cycling-infrastructure/)
- [Liveable Cities](https://cop31tr.com/tag/liveable-cities/)
- [Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr/)
- [Durable Carbon Removal](https://cop31tr.com/tag/durable-carbon-removal/)
- [Beyond Value Chain Mitigation (BVCM)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/beyond-value-chain-mitigation-bvcm/)
- [Double Claiming Debate](https://cop31tr.com/tag/double-claiming-debate/)
- [Article 6.4](https://cop31tr.com/tag/article-6-4/)
- [Carbon Market Rules](https://cop31tr.com/tag/carbon-market-rules/)
- [BVCM](https://cop31tr.com/tag/bvcm/)
- [CDR](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cdr/)
- [Integrated Photovoltaics (EERA)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/integrated-photovoltaics-eera/)
- [Next-Generation Solar Cells](https://cop31tr.com/tag/next-generation-solar-cells/)
- [High-Efficiency Photovoltaics](https://cop31tr.com/tag/high-efficiency-photovoltaics/)
- [Solar Energy Research](https://cop31tr.com/tag/solar-energy-research/)
- [UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/un-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/)
- [Agrivoltaics](https://cop31tr.com/tag/agrivoltaics/)
- [PV Applications](https://cop31tr.com/tag/pv-applications/)
- [Green Building Certification](https://cop31tr.com/tag/green-building-certification/)
- [Climate Data](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-data/)
- [Embodied Carbon](https://cop31tr.com/tag/embodied-carbon/)
- [Embodied Carbon Materials](https://cop31tr.com/tag/embodied-carbon-materials/)
- [Climate Regulation](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-regulation/)
- [System Thinking](https://cop31tr.com/tag/system-thinking/)
- [Wind Energy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/wind-energy/)
- [STEM](https://cop31tr.com/tag/stem/)
- [Public Buildings](https://cop31tr.com/tag/public-buildings/)
- [Board Diversity](https://cop31tr.com/tag/board-diversity/)
- [Corporate Governance](https://cop31tr.com/tag/corporate-governance/)
- [Electrified Transport](https://cop31tr.com/tag/electrified-transport/)
- [Power Grids](https://cop31tr.com/tag/power-grids/)
- [Clean Investment](https://cop31tr.com/tag/clean-investment/)
- [Global Markets](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-markets/)
- [ESG Strategy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/esg-strategy/)
- [Clean Mobility](https://cop31tr.com/tag/clean-mobility/)
- [Value Creation](https://cop31tr.com/tag/value-creation/)
- [China Climate Action](https://cop31tr.com/tag/china-climate-action/)
- [Renewable Power](https://cop31tr.com/tag/renewable-power/)
- [Solar and Wind](https://cop31tr.com/tag/solar-and-wind/)
- [Global Decarbonization](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-decarbonization/)
- [Future Energy Systems](https://cop31tr.com/tag/future-energy-systems/)
- [Quality Management](https://cop31tr.com/tag/quality-management/)
- [Lean Management](https://cop31tr.com/tag/lean-management/)
- [Circular Economy Leadership](https://cop31tr.com/tag/circular-economy-leadership/)
- [Sustainability Standards](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainability-standards/)
- [International Standardization](https://cop31tr.com/tag/international-standardization/)
- [Energy & Industrial Systems](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-industrial-systems/)
- [Organizational Resilience](https://cop31tr.com/tag/organizational-resilience/)
- [#COP31](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cop31-2/)
- [#ClimateAction](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climateaction/)
- [Informed Dialogue](https://cop31tr.com/tag/informed-dialogue/)
- [Global Climate](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-climate/)
- [Europe’s Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/tag/europes-energy-transition/)
- [Electricity Grids](https://cop31tr.com/tag/electricity-grids/)
- [Demand-Side Solutions](https://cop31tr.com/tag/demand-side-solutions/)
- [Clean Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/tag/clean-energy-transition/)
- [Rooftop Solar](https://cop31tr.com/tag/rooftop-solar/)
- [Data-Driven Analysis](https://cop31tr.com/tag/data-driven-analysis/)
- [Wind and Solar Power](https://cop31tr.com/tag/wind-and-solar-power/)
- [Türkiye Energy Markets](https://cop31tr.com/tag/turkiye-energy-markets/)
- [Regional Cooperation](https://cop31tr.com/tag/regional-cooperation/)
- [Central Asia](https://cop31tr.com/tag/central-asia/)
- [Energy Connectivity](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-connectivity/)
- [Renewable Manufacturing](https://cop31tr.com/tag/renewable-manufacturing/)
- [Energy Policy & Industry](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-policy-industry/)
- [Sustainable Industry](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainable-industry/)
- [Energy Leadership](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-leadership/)
- [Türkiye Energy Sector](https://cop31tr.com/tag/turkiye-energy-sector/)
- [Energy Supply Chains](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-supply-chains/)
- [Industrial Localization](https://cop31tr.com/tag/industrial-localization/)
- [Executive Leadership](https://cop31tr.com/tag/executive-leadership/)
- [Market Design](https://cop31tr.com/tag/market-design/)
- [Energy Performance Contracts](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-performance-contracts/)
- [Türkiye’s Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/tag/turkiyes-energy-transition/)
- [Clean Energy Finance](https://cop31tr.com/tag/clean-energy-finance/)
- [Climate Risk Analytics](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-risk-analytics/)
- [Physical Climate Risk](https://cop31tr.com/tag/physical-climate-risk/)
- [Asset-Level Risk Assessment](https://cop31tr.com/tag/asset-level-risk-assessment/)
- [Climate Data Science](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-data-science/)
- [Energy Subsidies](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-subsidies/)
- [Energy Prices](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-prices/)
- [Economic Reform](https://cop31tr.com/tag/economic-reform/)
- [Fossil Fuels](https://cop31tr.com/tag/fossil-fuels/)
- [Global Climate Action](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-climate-action/)
- [Carbon Pricing](https://cop31tr.com/tag/carbon-pricing/)
- [International Climate Policy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/international-climate-policy/)
- [Direct Air Capture (DAC)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/direct-air-capture-dac/)
- [COP31 Türkiye Agenda](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cop31-turkiye-agenda/)
- [Geological Carbon Storage](https://cop31tr.com/tag/geological-carbon-storage/)
- [Biochar](https://cop31tr.com/tag/biochar/)
- [Biomass](https://cop31tr.com/tag/biomass/)
- [MRV Integrity](https://cop31tr.com/tag/mrv-integrity/)
- [High-Integrity Climate Solutions](https://cop31tr.com/tag/high-integrity-climate-solutions/)
- [Policy–Investment Interface](https://cop31tr.com/tag/policy-investment-interface/)
- [Climate & Sustainable Finance](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-sustainable-finance/)
- [Carbon Removal Finance](https://cop31tr.com/tag/carbon-removal-finance/)
- [Durable Carbon Credits](https://cop31tr.com/tag/durable-carbon-credits/)
- [Negative Emissions Platforms](https://cop31tr.com/tag/negative-emissions-platforms/)
- [Climate & Design](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-design/)
- [European Policy](https://cop31tr.com/tag/european-policy/)
- [Urban Futures](https://cop31tr.com/tag/urban-futures/)
- [People-Centered Climate Action](https://cop31tr.com/tag/people-centered-climate-action/)
- [NEB](https://cop31tr.com/tag/neb/)
- [New European Bauhaus](https://cop31tr.com/tag/new-european-bauhaus/)
- [Negative Emissions & Mineralization](https://cop31tr.com/tag/negative-emissions-mineralization/)
- [Carbon Capture & Sequestration](https://cop31tr.com/tag/carbon-capture-sequestration/)
- [Environmental Sensing & Remote Sensing](https://cop31tr.com/tag/environmental-sensing-remote-sensing/)
- [Computational Modeling (CFD)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/computational-modeling-cfd/)
- [Clean Energy Systems](https://cop31tr.com/tag/clean-energy-systems/)
- [Sustainability & Climate Action (SDGs)](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainability-climate-action-sdgs/)
- [Electricity](https://cop31tr.com/tag/electricity/)
- [Global Energy Markets](https://cop31tr.com/tag/global-energy-markets/)
- [Data Centers](https://cop31tr.com/tag/data-centers/)
- [Renewables](https://cop31tr.com/tag/renewables/)
- [Energy Trading](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-trading/)
- [Hydropower](https://cop31tr.com/tag/hydropower/)
- [Power Engineering](https://cop31tr.com/tag/power-engineering/)
- [Project Management](https://cop31tr.com/tag/project-management/)
- [Transport Equity](https://cop31tr.com/tag/transport-equity/)
- [Gender Inclusive Mobility](https://cop31tr.com/tag/gender-inclusive-mobility/)
- [Mobility Justice](https://cop31tr.com/tag/mobility-justice/)
- [Urban Planning](https://cop31tr.com/tag/urban-planning/)
- [Safe Cities](https://cop31tr.com/tag/safe-cities/)
- [Inclusive Design](https://cop31tr.com/tag/inclusive-design/)
- [Offsetting](https://cop31tr.com/tag/offsetting/)
- [Climate Projects](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-projects/)
- [SPPs](https://cop31tr.com/tag/spps/)
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- [ASEAN](https://cop31tr.com/tag/asean/)
- [Climate Risk](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-risk/)
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- [Urban Regeneration](https://cop31tr.com/tag/urban-regeneration/)
- [Sunway City](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sunway-city/)
- [15 Minute City](https://cop31tr.com/tag/15-minute-city-2/)
- [Net Zero 2053](https://cop31tr.com/tag/net-zero-2053/)
- [Smart Grids](https://cop31tr.com/tag/smart-grids/)
- [Free Electricity](https://cop31tr.com/tag/free-electricity/)
- [Smart Appliances](https://cop31tr.com/tag/smart-appliances/)
- [Induction Cooking](https://cop31tr.com/tag/induction-cooking/)
- [Battery Infrastructure](https://cop31tr.com/tag/battery-infrastructure/)
- [3D Printing](https://cop31tr.com/tag/3d-printing/)
- [Advanced Manufacturing](https://cop31tr.com/tag/advanced-manufacturing/)
- [Railway Innovation](https://cop31tr.com/tag/railway-innovation/)
- [Hydrogen Trains](https://cop31tr.com/tag/hydrogen-trains/)
- [Tandem Solar Cells](https://cop31tr.com/tag/tandem-solar-cells/)
- [Photovoltaic Technology](https://cop31tr.com/tag/photovoltaic-technology/)
- [CIGS Technology](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cigs-technology/)
- [Solar Efficiency](https://cop31tr.com/tag/solar-efficiency/)
- [Battery Manufacturing](https://cop31tr.com/tag/battery-manufacturing/)
- [Cathode Materials](https://cop31tr.com/tag/cathode-materials/)
- [Clean Logistics](https://cop31tr.com/tag/clean-logistics/)
- [Solar Sanels](https://cop31tr.com/tag/solar-sanels/)
- [Molten Salt Technology](https://cop31tr.com/tag/molten-salt-technology/)
- [Concentrated Solar Power](https://cop31tr.com/tag/concentrated-solar-power/)
- [Thermal Energy Storage](https://cop31tr.com/tag/thermal-energy-storage/)
- [Gobi Desert](https://cop31tr.com/tag/gobi-desert/)
- [Energy Storage Systems](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-storage-systems/)
- [Second-life Batteries](https://cop31tr.com/tag/second-life-batteries/)
- [Industrial Heat](https://cop31tr.com/tag/industrial-heat/)
- [Heat Battery](https://cop31tr.com/tag/heat-battery/)
- [Silicon Ingots](https://cop31tr.com/tag/silicon-ingots/)
- [European Energy Transition](https://cop31tr.com/tag/european-energy-transition/)
- [Solar Cells](https://cop31tr.com/tag/solar-cells/)
- [Virtual Power Plants](https://cop31tr.com/tag/virtual-power-plants/)
- [Residential Energy Storage](https://cop31tr.com/tag/residential-energy-storage/)
- [Sustainable Fuels](https://cop31tr.com/tag/sustainable-fuels/)
- [Infrastructure Advisory](https://cop31tr.com/tag/infrastructure-advisory/)
- [Energy System Modelling](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-system-modelling/)
- [Energy Access](https://cop31tr.com/tag/energy-access/)
- [Climate Inequality](https://cop31tr.com/tag/climate-inequality/)
- [Türkiye ETS](https://cop31tr.com/tag/turkiye-ets/)